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Large language models are prone to misuse and vulnerable to security threats, raising significant safety and security concerns. The European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act seeks to enforce AI robustness in certain contexts, but faces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Tomas Bueno Momcilovic , Beat Buesser , Giulio Zizzo , Mark Purcell , Dian Balta

The EU AI Act (EUAIA) introduces requirements for AI systems which intersect with the processes required to establish adversarial robustness. However, given the ambiguous language of regulation and the dynamicity of adversarial attacks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Tomas Bueno Momcilovic , Dian Balta , Beat Buesser , Giulio Zizzo , Mark Purcell

Cybersecurity in robotics stands out as a key aspect within Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, also known as the Artificial Intelligence Act, which establishes specific guidelines for intelligent and automated systems. A fundamental distinction in…

The EU AI Act was created to ensure ethical and safe Artificial Intelligence (AI) development and deployment across the EU. This study aims to identify key challenges and strategies for helping enterprises focus on resources effectively. To…

This article provides a critical overview of the recently approved Artificial Intelligence Act. It starts by presenting the main structure, objectives, and approach of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. A definition of key concepts follows, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Nuno Sousa e Silva

As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies continue to advance, effective risk assessment, regulation, and oversight are necessary to ensure that AI development and deployment align with ethical principles while preserving innovation and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Georgios Pavlidis

Robustness is a key requirement for high-risk AI systems under the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). However, both its definition and assessment methods remain underspecified, leaving providers with little concrete direction on how…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Roberta Tamponi , Carina Prunkl , Thomas Bäck , Anna V. Kononova

The EU's Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) is a significant step towards responsible AI development, but lacks clear technical interpretation, making it difficult to assess models' compliance. This work presents COMPL-AI, a comprehensive…

Regulation is nothing without enforcement. This particularly holds for the dynamic field of emerging technologies. Hence, this article has two ambitions. First, it explains how the EU's new Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) will be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Claudio Novelli , Philipp Hacker , Jessica Morley , Jarle Trondal , Luciano Floridi

The proposed European Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) is the first attempt to elaborate a general legal framework for AI carried out by any major global economy. As such, the AIA is likely to become a point of reference in the larger…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Jakob Mokander , Maria Axente , Federico Casolari , Luciano Floridi

The proposed EU AI Act is the first comprehensive attempt to regulate AI in a major jurisdiction. This article analyses Article 9, the key risk management provision in the AI Act. It gives an overview of the regulatory concept behind…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Jonas Schuett

What constitutes a fair decision? This question is not only difficult for humans but becomes more challenging when Artificial Intelligence (AI) models are used. In light of discriminatory algorithmic behaviors, the EU has recently passed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Kristof Meding

This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion on AI regulation in the European Union, contrasting it with the more sectoral and self-regulatory approach in the UK. It argues for a hybrid regulatory strategy that combines elements from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Philipp Hacker

The lack of explainability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the first obstacles that the industry and regulators must overcome to mitigate the risks associated with the technology. The need for eXplainable AI (XAI) is evident in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Georgios Pavlidis

A global challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) regulation lies in achieving effective risk management without compromising innovation and technical progress. The European Union (EU) Artificial Intelligence Act represents the first…

This paper critically examines the evolving ethical and regulatory challenges posed by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity. We trace the historical development of AI regulation, highlighting major milestones…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Vikram Kulothungan

The European Union's AI Act represents a crucial step towards regulating ethical and responsible AI systems. However, we find an absence of quantifiable fairness metrics and the ambiguity in terminology, particularly the interchangeable use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Mike Teodorescu , Yongxu Sun , Haren N. Bhatia , Christos Makridis

The implementation of the AI Act requires practical mechanisms to verify compliance with legal obligations, yet concrete and operational mappings from high-level requirements to verifiable assessment activities remain limited, contributing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Alessio Buscemi , Tom Deckenbrunnen , Fahria Kabir , Kateryna Mishchenko , Nishat Mowla

The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) by public authorities introduces both opportunities for innovation and significant challenges for the administrative rule of law. This article examines how the EU AI Act interacts with the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Georgios Pavlidis , Ioannis Kastanas

The Robust Artificial Intelligence System Assurance (RAISA) workshop will focus on research, development and application of robust artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) systems. Rather than studying robustness with respect…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Olivia Brown , Brad Dillman
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