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Over 5,000 PMTs are being deployed at the South Pole to compose the IceCube neutrino observatory. Many are placed deep in the ice to detect Cherenkov light emitted by the products of high-energy neutrino interactions, and others are frozen…
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics
2014-11-20
The IceCube Collaboration , R. Abbasi , Y. Abdou , T. Abu-Zayyad , J. Adams , J. A. Aguilar , M. Ahlers , K. Andeen , J. Auffenberg , X. Bai , M. Baker , S. W. Barwick , R. Bay , J. L. Bazo Alba , K. Beattie , J. J. Beatty , S. Bechet , J. K. Becker , K. -H. Becker , M. L. Benabderrahmane , J. Berdermann , P. Berghaus , D. Berley , E. Bernardini , D. Bertrand , D. Z. Besson , M. Bissok , E. Blaufuss , D. J. Boersma , C. Bohm , O. Botner , L. Bradley , J. Braun , S. Buitink , M. Carson , D. Chirkin , B. Christy , J. Clem , S. Cohen , C. Colnard , D. F. Cowen , M. V. D'Agostino , M. Danninger , C. De Clercq , L. Demirörs , O. Depaepe , F. Descamps , P. Desiati , G. de Vries-Uiterweerd , T. DeYoung , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , J. Dreyer , J. P. Dumm , M. R. Duvoort , R. Ehrlich , J. Eisch , R. W. Ellsworth , O. Engdegård , S. Euler , P. A. Evenson , O. Fadiran , A. R. Fazely , T. Feusels , K. Filimonov , C. Finley , M. M. Foerster , B. D. Fox , A. Franckowiak , R. Franke , T. K. Gaisser , J. Gallagher , R. Ganugapati , M. Geisler , L. Gerhardt , L. Gladstone , A. Goldschmidt , J. A. Goodman , D. Grant , T. Griesel , A. Groß , S. Grullon , R. M. Gunasingha , M. Gurtner , C. Ha , A. Hallgren , F. Halzen , K. Han , K. Hanson , Y. Hasegawa , J. Haugen , K. Helbing , P. Herquet , S. Hickford , G. C. Hill , K. D. Hoffman , A. Homeier , K. Hoshina , D. Hubert , W. Huelsnitz , J. -P. Hülß , P. O. Hulth , K. Hultqvist , S. Hussain , R. L. Imlay , M. Inaba , A. Ishihara , J. Jacobsen , G. S. Japaridze , H. Johansson , J. M. Joseph , K. -H. Kampert , A. Kappes , T. Karg , A. Karle , J. L. Kelley , N. Kemming , P. Kenny , J. Kiryluk , F. Kislat , N. Kitamura , S. R. Klein , S. Knops , G. Kohnen , H. Kolanoski , L. Köpke , D. J. Koskinen , M. Kowalski , T. Kowarik , M. Krasberg , T. Krings , G. Kroll , K. Kuehn , T. Kuwabara , M. Labare , S. Lafebre , K. Laihem , H. Landsman , R. Lauer , A. Laundrie , R. Lehmann , D. Lennarz , J. Lünemann , J. Madsen , P. Majumdar , R. Maruyama , K. Mase , H. S. Matis , M. Matusik , K. Meagher , M. Merck , P. Mészáros , T. Meures , E. Middell , N. Milke , H. Miyamoto , T. Montaruli , R. Morse , S. M. Movit , R. Nahnhauer , J. W. Nam , U. Naumann , P. Nießen , D. R. Nygren , S. Odrowski , A. Olivas , M. Olivo , M. Ono , S. Panknin , L. Paul , C. Pérez de los Heros , J. Petrovic , A. Piegsa , D. Pieloth , A. C. Pohl , R. Porrata , J. Posselt , P. B. Price , M. Prikockis , G. T. Przybylski , K. Rawlins , P. Redl , E. Resconi , W. Rhode , M. Ribordy , A. Rizzo , P. Robl , J. P. Rodrigues , P. Roth , F. Rothmaier , C. Rott , C. Roucelle , D. Rutledge , B. Ruzybayev , D. Ryckbosch , H. -G. Sander , P. Sandstrom , S. Sarkar , K. Schatto , S. Schlenstedt , T. Schmidt , D. Schneider , A. Schukraft , A. Schultes , O. Schulz , M. Schunck , D. Seckel , B. Semburg , S. H. Seo , Y. Sestayo , S. Seunarine , A. Silvestri , A. Slipak , G. M. Spiczak , C. Spiering , M. Stamatikos , T. Stanev , G. Stephens , T. Stezelberger , R. G. Stokstad , S. Stoyanov , E. A. Strahler , T. Straszheim , G. W. Sullivan , Q. Swillens , I. Taboada , A. Tamburro , O. Tarasova , A. Tepe , S. Ter-Antonyan , C. Terranova , S. Tilav , P. A. Toale , D. Tosi , D. Turcan , N. van Eijndhoven , J. Vandenbroucke , A. Van Overloop , J. van Santen , B. Voigt , D. Wahl , C. Walck , T. Waldenmaier , M. Wallraff , M. Walter , C. Wendt , S. Westerhoff , N. Whitehorn , K. Wiebe , C. H. Wiebusch , G. Wikström , D. R. Williams , R. Wischnewski , H. Wissing , K. Woschnagg , C. Xu , X. W. Xu , G. Yodh , S. Yoshida , P. Zarzhitsky
The determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy, whether the $\nu _3$ neutrino mass eigenstate is heavier or lighter than the $\nu _1$ and $\nu _2$ mass eigenstates, is one of the remaining undetermined fundamental aspects of the Standard…
The JUNO liquid scintillator-based experiment, construction of which is on-going in Jiangmen (China), will start operations in 2020 and will detect anti-neutrinos from nearby reactors; but also solar neutrinos via elastic scattering on…
After the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ has been precisely measured by the reactor antineutrino experiments, one of the most important open questions left in neutrino physics is the neutrino mass hierarchy. Jiangmen Underground…
The flux of geoneutrinos at any point on the Earth is a function of the abundance and distribution of radioactive elements within our planet. This flux has been successfully detected by the 1-kt KamLAND and 0.3-kt Borexino detectors with…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2016-02-19
Ran Han , Yu-Feng Li , Liang Zhan , William F. McDonough , Jun Cao , Livia Ludhova
The performance of Hamamatsu 8" photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) of the type used in the SuperNEMO neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment (R5912-MOD), is investigated as a function of exposure to helium (He) gas. Two PMTs were monitored for…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2025-03-06
SuperNEMO Collaboration , X. Aguerre , A. S. Barabash , A. Basharina-Freshville , M. Bongrand , Ch. Bourgeois , D. Breton , R. Breier , J. Busto , C. Cerna , M. Ceschia , E. Chauveau , A. Chopra , L. Dawson , D. Duchesneau , J. J. Evans , D. Filosofov , X. Garrido , C. Girard-Carillo , M. Granjon , M. Hoballah , R. Hodák , G. Horner , M. H. Hussain , A. Islam , A. Jérémie , S. Jullian , J. Kaizer , A. Klimenko , O. Kochetov , F. Koňařík , S. I. Konovalov , T. Křižák , S. Kovalenko , A. Lahaie , K. Lang , Y. Lemière , P. Li , J. Maalmi , M. Macko , F. Mamedov , C. Marquet , F. Mauger , A. Mendl , B. Morgan , I. Nemchenok , M. Nomachi , V. Palušová , C. Patrick , T. Pavicic , F. Perrot , M. Petro , F. Piquemal , P. Povinec , S. Pratt , M. Proga , W. S. Quinn , Y. A. Ramachers , C. L. Riddle , N. Rukhadze , R. Saakyan , R. Salazar , J. Sedgbeer , Yu. Shitov , L. Simard , F. Šimkovic , A. Smolnikov , S. Söldner-Rembold , I. Štekl , J. Suhonen , H. Tedjditi , J. Thomas , V. Timkin , V. I. Tretyak , Vl. I. Tretyak , G. Turnbull , V. I. Umatov , Y. Vereshchaka , D. Waters
The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO, also known as JUNO-TAO) is a satellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). A ton-level liquid scintillator detector will be placed at about 30 m from a core of the…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2020-05-19
JUNO Collaboration , Angel Abusleme , Thomas Adam , Shakeel Ahmad , Sebastiano Aiello , Muhammad Akram , Nawab Ali , Fengpeng An , Guangpeng An , Qi An , Giuseppe Andronico , Nikolay Anfimov , Vito Antonelli , Tatiana Antoshkina , Burin Asavapibhop , João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André , Didier Auguste , Andrej Babic , Wander Baldini , Andrea Barresi , Eric Baussan , Marco Bellato , Antonio Bergnoli , Enrico Bernieri , David Biare , Thilo Birkenfeld , Sylvie Blin , David Blum , Simon Blyth , Anastasia Bolshakova , Mathieu Bongrand , Clément Bordereau , Dominique Breton , Augusto Brigatti , Riccardo Brugnera , Antonio Budano , Mario Buscemi , Jose Busto , Ilya Butorov , Anatael Cabrera , Hao Cai , Xiao Cai , Yanke Cai , Zhiyan Cai , Antonio Cammi , Agustin Campeny , Chuanya Cao , Guofu Cao , Jun Cao , Rossella Caruso , Cédric Cerna , Irakli Chakaberia , Jinfan Chang , Yun Chang , Pingping Chen , Po-An Chen , Shaomin Chen , Shenjian Chen , Xurong Chen , Yi-Wen Chen , Yixue Chen , Yu Chen , Zhang Chen , Jie Cheng , Yaping Cheng , Alexander Chepurnov , Davide Chiesa , Pietro Chimenti , Artem Chukanov , Anna Chuvashova , Gérard Claverie , Catia Clementi , Barbara Clerbaux , Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo , Daniele Corti , Salvatore Costa , Flavio Dal Corso , Christophe De La Taille , Jiawei Deng , Zhi Deng , Ziyan Deng , Wilfried Depnering , Marco Diaz , Xuefeng Ding , Yayun Ding , Bayu Dirgantara , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Tadeas Dohnal , Georgy Donchenko , Jianmeng Dong , Damien Dornic , Evgeny Doroshkevich , Marcos Dracos , Frédéric Druillole , Shuxian Du , Stefano Dusini , Martin Dvorak , Timo Enqvist , Heike Enzmann , Andrea Fabbri , Lukas Fajt , Donghua Fan , Lei Fan , Can Fang , Jian Fang , Anna Fatkina , Dmitry Fedoseev , Vladko Fekete , Li-Cheng Feng , Qichun Feng , Richard Ford , Andrey Formozov , Amélie Fournier , Haonan Gan , Feng Gao , Alberto Garfagnini , Alexandre Göttel , Christoph Genster , Marco Giammarchi , Agnese Giaz , Nunzio Giudice , Franco Giuliani , Maxim Gonchar , Guanghua Gong , Hui Gong , Oleg Gorchakov , Yuri Gornushkin , Marco Grassi , Christian Grewing , Maxim Gromov , Vasily Gromov , Minghao Gu , Xiaofei Gu , Yu Gu , Mengyun Guan , Nunzio Guardone , Maria Gul , Cong Guo , Jingyuan Guo , Wanlei Guo , Xinheng Guo , Yuhang Guo , Michael Haacke , Paul Hackspacher , Caren Hagner , Ran Han , Yang Han , Miao He , Wei He , Tobias Heinz , Patrick Hellmuth , Yuekun Heng , Rafael Herrera , Daojin Hong , Shaojing Hou , Yee Hsiung , Bei-Zhen Hu , Hang Hu , Jianrun Hu , Jun Hu , Shouyang Hu , Tao Hu , Zhuojun Hu , Chunhao Huang , Guihong Huang , Hanxiong Huang , Qinhua Huang , Wenhao Huang , Xingtao Huang , Yongbo Huang , Jiaqi Hui , Lei Huo , Wenju Huo , Cédric Huss , Safeer Hussain , Antonio Insolia , Ara Ioannisian , Roberto Isocrate , Kuo-Lun Jen , Xiaolu Ji , Xingzhao Ji , Huihui Jia , Junji Jia , Siyu Jian , Di Jiang , Xiaoshan Jiang , Ruyi Jin , Xiaoping Jing , Cécile Jollet , Jari Joutsenvaara , Sirichok Jungthawan , Leonidas Kalousis , Philipp Kampmann , Li Kang , Michael Karagounis , Narine Kazarian , Amir Khan , Waseem Khan , Khanchai Khosonthongkee , Patrick Kinz , Denis Korablev , Konstantin Kouzakov , Alexey Krasnoperov , Svetlana Krokhaleva , Zinovy Krumshteyn , Andre Kruth , Nikolay Kutovskiy , Pasi Kuusiniemi , Tobias Lachenmaier , Cecilia Landini , Sébastien Leblanc , Frederic Lefevre , Liping Lei , Ruiting Lei , Rupert Leitner , Jason Leung , Chao Li , Demin Li , Fei Li , Fule Li , Haitao Li , Huiling Li , Jiaqi Li , Jin Li , Kaijie Li , Mengzhao Li , Nan Li , Nan Li , Qingjiang Li , Ruhui Li , Shanfeng Li , Shuaijie Li , Tao Li , Teng Li , Weidong Li , Weiguo Li , Xiaomei Li , Xiaonan Li , Xinglong Li , Yi Li , Yufeng Li , Zhibing Li , Ziyuan Li , Hao Liang , Hao Liang , Jingjing Liang , Daniel Liebau , Ayut Limphirat , Sukit Limpijumnong , Guey-Lin Lin , Shengxin Lin , Tao Lin , Jiajie Ling , Ivano Lippi , Fang Liu , Haidong Liu , Hongbang Liu , Hongjuan Liu , Hongtao Liu , Hu Liu , Hui Liu , Jianglai Liu , Jinchang Liu , Min Liu , Qian Liu , Qin Liu , Runxuan Liu , Shuangyu Liu , Shubin Liu , Shulin Liu , Xiaowei Liu , Yan Liu , Alexey Lokhov , Paolo Lombardi , Claudio Lombardo , Kai Loo , Chuan Lu , Haoqi Lu , Jingbin Lu , Junguang Lu , Shuxiang Lu , Xiaoxu Lu , Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev , Sultim Lubsandorzhiev , Livia Ludhova , Fengjiao Luo , Guang Luo , Pengwei Luo , Shu Luo , Wuming Luo , Vladimir Lyashuk , Qiumei Ma , Si Ma , Xiaoyan Ma , Xubo Ma , Jihane Maalmi , Yury Malyshkin , Fabio Mantovani , Francesco Manzali , Xin Mao , Yajun Mao , Stefano M. 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The PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector uses Hamamatsu 3-inch R11410-23 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) as the light sensors for ultra-low radioactivity, high quantum efficiency, and long-term stability at cryogenic temperature. Each PMT was…
High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics
2025-06-02
Binbin Yan , Di Huang , Jianglai Liu , Xiaoying Lu , Anqing Wan , Mengjiao Xiao
The JUNO observatory, a 20 kt liquid scintillator detector to be completed in 2022 in China, belongs to the next-generation of neutrino detectors, which share the common features of having a multi-ton scale and an energy resolution at…
The detector for the MiniBooNE experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory employs 1520 8 inch Hamamatsu models R1408 and R5912 photomultiplier tubes with custom-designed bases. Tests were performed to determine the dark rate,…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2010-05-28
S. J. Brice , L. Bugel , J. M. Conrad , B. Fleming , L. Gladstone , E. Hawker , P. Killewald , J. May , S. McKenney , P. Nienaber , B. Roe , V. Sandberg , D. Smith , M. Wysocki
Aside from its primary purpose of shedding light on the mass hierarchy (MH) using reactor anti-neutrinos, the JUNO experiment in Jiangmen (China) will also contribute to study neutrinos from non-reactor sources. In this poster we review…
The linearity of charge response is an important feature of photomultiplier tubes (PMT) for physics measurements, especially the newly developed 20" MCP-PMT. In this paper, in addition to the traditional method of double light sources, we…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2022-12-23
Diru Wu , Fengjiao Luo , Zhimin Wang , Min Li , Jilei Xu , Miao He , Changgen Yang , Yuekun Heng
Geoneutrinos, which are antineutrinos emitted during the decay of long-lived radioactive elements inside Earth, serve as a unique tool for studying the composition and heat budget of our planet. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory…
High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics
2025-11-11
Thomas Adam , Shakeel Ahmad , Rizwan Ahmed , Fengpeng An , João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André , Costas Andreopoulos , Giuseppe Andronico , Nikolay Anfimov , Vito Antonelli , Tatiana Antoshkina , Didier Auguste , Marcel Büchner , Weidong Bai , Nikita Balashov , Andrea Barresi , Davide Basilico , Eric Baussan , Marco Beretta , Antonio Bergnoli , Nikita Bessonov , Daniel Bick , Lukas Bieger , Svetlana Biktemerova , Thilo Birkenfeld , Simon Blyth , Manuel Boehles , Anastasia Bolshakova , Mathieu Bongrand , Matteo Borghesi , Dominique Breton , Augusto Brigatti , Riccardo Brugnera , Riccardo Bruno , Antonio Budano , Jose Busto , Anatael Cabrera , Barbara Caccianiga , Hao Cai , Xiao Cai , Stéphane Callier , Steven Calvez , Antonio Cammi , Guofu Cao , Jun Cao , Yaoqi Cao , Rossella Caruso , Cédric Cerna , Vanessa Cerrone , Jinfan Chang , Yun Chang , Tim Charisse , Auttakit Chatrabhuti , Chao Chen , Haotian Chen , Jiahui Chen , Jian Chen , Jing Chen , Junyou Chen , Pingping Chen , Shaomin Chen , Shiqiang Chen , Yixue Chen , Yu Chen , Ze Chen , Zhangming Chen , Zhiyuan Chen , Zhongchang Chen , Jie Cheng , Yaping Cheng , Yu Chin Cheng , Alexander Chepurnov , Alexey Chetverikov , Davide Chiesa , Pietro Chimenti , Po-Lin Chou , Ziliang Chu , Artem Chukanov , Gérard Claverie , Catia Clementi , Barbara Clerbaux , Claudio Coletta , Marta Colomer Molla , Chenyang Cui , Ziyan Deng , Xiaoyu Ding , Xuefeng Ding , Yayun Ding , Bayu Dirgantara , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Dmitry Dolzhikov , Chuanshi Dong , Haojie Dong , Jianmeng Dong , Evgeny Doroshkevich , Marcos Dracos , Frédéric Druillole , Ran Du , Shuxian Du , Katherine Dugas , Stefano Dusini , Hongyue Duyang , Jessica Eck , Andrea Fabbri , Ulrike Fahrendholz , Lei Fan , Liangqianjin Fan , Jian Fang , Wenxing Fang , Elia Stanescu Farilla , Dmitry Fedoseev , Li-Cheng Feng , Qichun Feng , Shaoting Feng , Daniela Fetzer , Marcellin Fotzé , Amélie Fournier , Aaron Freegard , Ying Fu , Haonan Gan , Feng Gao , Ruohan Gao , Alberto Garfagnini , Arsenii Gavrikov , Marco Giammarchi , Nunzio Giudice , Maxim Gonchar , Guanda Gong , Guanghua Gong , Yuri Gornushkin , Marco Grassi , Maxim Gromov , Vasily Gromov , Minhao Gu , Xiaofei Gu , Yu Gu , Mengyun Guan , Yuduo Guan , Nunzio Guardone , Rosa Maria Guizzetti , Cong Guo , Wanlei Guo , Caren Hagner , Hechong Han , Yang Han , Chuanhui Hao , Vidhya Thara Hariharan , Miao He , Wei He , Xinhai He , Ziou He , Tobias Heinz , Patrick Hellmuth , Yuekun Heng , YuenKeung Hor , Shaojing Hou , Fatima Houria , Yee Hsiung , Bei-Zhen Hu , Hang Hu , Jun Hu , Tao Hu , Yuxiang Hu , Guihong Huang , Jinhao Huang , Junlin Huang , Junting Huang , Kaixuan Huang , Shengheng Huang , Tao Huang , Xin Huang , Xingtao Huang , Yongbo Huang , Jiaqi Hui , Lei Huo , Cédric Huss , Safeer Hussain , Leonard Imbert , Ara Ioannisian , Adrienne Jacobi , Arshak Jafar , Beatrice Jelmini , Xiangpan Ji , Xiaolu Ji , Junji Jia , Cailian Jiang , Guangzheng Jiang , Junjie Jiang , Xiaoshan Jiang , Xiaozhao Jiang , Yijian Jiang , Yixuan Jiang , Xiaoping Jing , Cécile Jollet , Liam Jones , Li Kang , Narine Kazarian , Ali Khan , Amina Khatun , Khanchai Khosonthongkee , Denis Korablev , Konstantin Kouzakov , Alexey Krasnoperov , Sergey Kuleshov , Sindhujha Kumaran , Nikolay Kutovskiy , Loïc Labit , Tobias Lachenmaier , Haojing Lai , Cecilia Landini , Lorenzo Lastrucci , Sébastien Leblanc , Matthieu Lecocq , Frederic Lefevre , Ruiting Lei , Rupert Leitner , Petr Lenskii , Jason Leung , Demin Li , Fei Li , Gaosong Li , Jiajun Li , Meiou Li , Min Li , Nan Li , Ruhui Li , Rui Li , Shanfeng Li , Teng Li , Weidong Li , Xiaonan Li , Yi Li , Yichen Li , Yifan Li , Yingke Li , Yufeng Li , Zhaohan Li , Zhibing Li , Zhiwei Li , Zi-Ming Li , An-An Liang , Jiajun Liao , Minghua Liao , Yilin Liao , Ayut Limphirat , Bo-Chun Lin , Guey-Lin Lin , Shengxin Lin , Tao Lin , Xingyi Lin , Jiajie Ling , Xin Ling , Ivano Lippi , Caimei Liu , Fang Liu , Fengcheng Liu , Haidong Liu , Hongbang Liu , Hongjuan Liu , Jianglai Liu , Jiaxi Liu , Jinchang Liu , Kainan Liu , Min Liu , Qian Liu , Runxuan Liu , Shenghui Liu , Shulin Liu , Ximing Liu , Xiwen Liu , Xuewei Liu , Yankai Liu , Yiqi Liu , Zhipeng Liu , Zhuo Liu , Lorenzo Loi , Alexey Lokhov , Paolo Lombardi , Kai Loo , Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo , Chuan Lu , Haoqi Lu , Junguang Lu , Meishu Lu , Shuxiang Lu , Xianguo Lu , Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev , Sultim Lubsandorzhiev , Livia Ludhova , Arslan Lukanov , Fengjiao Luo , Guang Luo , Jianyi Luo , Shu Luo , Wuming Luo , Xiaojie Luo , Vladimir Lyashuk , Bangzheng Ma , Bing Ma , Qiumei Ma , Si Ma , Wing Yan Ma , Xiaoyan Ma , Xubo Ma , Jihane Maalmi , Jingyu Mai , Marco Malabarba , Yury Malyshkin , Roberto Carlos Mandujano , Fabio Mantovani , Xin Mao , Stefano M. Mari , Agnese Martini , Johann Martyn , Matthias Mayer , Davit Mayilyan , William McDonough , Yue Meng , Anselmo Meregaglia , Lino Miramonti , Michele Montuschi , Iwan Morton-Blake , Xiangyi Mu , Massimiliano Nastasi , Dmitry V. Naumov , Elena Naumova , Igor Nemchenok , Elisabeth Neuerburg , Alexey Nikolaev , Feipeng Ning , Zhe Ning , Yujie Niu , Hiroshi Nunokawa , Lothar Oberauer , Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux , Sebastian Olivares , Alexander Olshevskiy , Domizia Orestano , Fausto Ortica , Rainer Othegraven , Yifei Pan , Alessandro Paoloni , George Parker , Yatian Pei , Luca Pelicci , Anguo Peng , Yu Peng , Zhaoyuan Peng , Elisa Percalli , Willy Perrin , Frédéric Perrot , Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean , Fabrizio Petrucci , Oliver Pilarczyk , Artyom Popov , Pascal Poussot , Ezio Previtali , Fazhi Qi , Ming Qi , Sen Qian , Xiaohui Qian , Zhonghua Qin , Shoukang Qiu , Manhao Qu , Zhenning Qu , Gioacchino Ranucci , Thomas Raymond , Alessandra Re , Abdel Rebii , Mariia Redchuk , Bin Ren , Yuhan Ren , Cristobal Morales Reveco , Barbara Ricci , Mariam Rifai , Mathieu Roche , Narongkiat Rodphai , Fernanda de Faria Rodrigues , Aldo Romani , Bedřich Roskovec , Peter Rudakov , Arseniy Rybnikov , Andrey Sadovsky , Deshan Sandanayake , Anut Sangka , Ujwal Santhosh , Utane Sawangwit , Michaela Schever , Cédric Schwab , Konstantin Schweizer , Alexandr Selyunin , Andrea Serafini , Mariangela Settimo , Yanjun Shang , Junyu Shao , Anurag Sharma , Vladislav Sharov , Hangyu Shi , Hexi SHI , Jingyan Shi , Yuan Shi , Yike Shu , Yuhan Shu , She Shuai , Vitaly Shutov , Andrey Sidorenkov , Fedor Šimkovic , Randhir Singh , Apeksha Singhal , Chiara Sirignano , Jaruchit Siripak , Monica Sisti , Mikhail Smirnov , Oleg Smirnov , Thiago Sogo-Bezerra , Sergey Sokolov , Julanan Songwadhana , Albert Sotnikov , Warintorn Sreethawong , Achim Stahl , Luca Stanco , Konstantin Stankevich , Hans Steiger , Jochen Steinmann , Tobias Sterr , Matthias Raphael Stock , Virginia Strati , Mikhail Strizh , Alexander Studenikin , Aoqi Su , Jun Su , Guangbao Sun , Mingxia Sun , Xilei Sun , Yongzhao Sun , Zhanxue Sun , Zhengyang Sun , Narumon Suwonjandee , Christophe De La Taille , Akira Takenaka , Xiaohan Tan , Haozhong Tang , Jian Tang , Jingzhe Tang , Quan Tang , Xiao Tang , Jihua Tao , Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi , Yuxin Tian , Igor Tkachev , Tomas Tmej , Marco Danilo Claudio Torri , Andrea Triossi , Wladyslaw Trzaska , Andrei Tsaregorodtsev , Yu-Chen Tung , Cristina Tuve , Nikita Ushakov , Carlo Venettacci , Giuseppe Verde , Maxim Vialkov , Benoit Viaud , Cornelius Moritz Vollbrecht , Vit Vorobel , Dmitriy Voronin , Lucia Votano , Andong Wang , Caishen Wang , Chung-Hsiang Wang , En Wang , Hanwen Wang , Jiabin Wang , Jun Wang , Ke Wang , Li Wang , Meng Wang , Meng Wang , Mingyuan Wang , Ruiguang Wang , Sibo Wang , Tianhong Wang , Wei Wang , Wenshuai Wang , Wenyuan Wang , Xi Wang , Yangfu Wang , Yaoguang Wang , Yi Wang , Yifang Wang , Yuyi Wang , Zhe Wang , Zheng Wang , Zhimin Wang , Apimook Watcharangkool , Junya Wei , Jushang Wei , Wei Wei , Wei Wei , Yadong Wei , Yuehuan Wei , Zhengbao Wei , Liangjian Wen , Jun Weng , Scott Wipperfurth , Rosmarie Wirth , Bi Wu , Chengxin Wu , Qun Wu , Yinhui Wu , Zhaoxiang Wu , Zhi Wu , Michael Wurm , Jacques Wurtz , Yufei Xi , Dongmei Xia , Shishen Xian , Ziqian Xiang , Fei Xiao , Pengfei Xiao , Tianying Xiao , Xiang Xiao , Wei-Jun Xie , Xiaochuan Xie , Yuguang Xie , Zhao Xin , Zhizhong Xing , Benda Xu , Cheng Xu , Chuang Xu , Donglian Xu , Fanrong Xu , Jiayang Xu , Jie Xu , Jilei Xu , Jinghuan Xu , Meihang Xu , Shiwen Xu , Xunjie Xu , Ya Xu , Dongyang Xue , Jingqin Xue , Baojun Yan , Qiyu Yan , Taylor Yan , Xiongbo Yan , Yupeng Yan , Changgen Yang , Chengfeng Yang , Dikun Yang , Fengfan Yang , Jie Yang , Kaiwei Yang , Lei Yang , Pengfei Yang , Xiaoyu Yang , Xuhui Yang , Yifan Yang , Zekun Yang , Haifeng Yao , Jiaxaun Ye , Mei Ye , Ziping Ye , Frédéric Yermia , Jilong Yin , Weiqing Yin , Xiaohao Yin , Zhengyun You , Boxiang Yu , Chiye Yu , Chunxu Yu , Hongzhao Yu , Peidong Yu , Simi Yu , Zeyuan Yu , Cenxi Yuan , Noman Zafar , Jilberto Zamora , Vitalii Zavadskyi , Fanrui Zeng , Shan Zeng , Tingxuan Zeng , Liang Zhan , Bin Zhang , Feiyang Zhang , Han Zhang , Hangchang Zhang , Haosen Zhang , Honghao Zhang , Jialiang Zhang , Jiawen Zhang , Jie Zhang , Jingbo Zhang , Junwei Zhang , Lei Zhang , Ping Zhang , Qingmin Zhang , Rongping Zhang , Shiqi Zhang , Shuihan Zhang , Siyuan Zhang , Tao Zhang , Xiaomei Zhang , Xu Zhang , Xuantong Zhang , Yibing Zhang , Yinhong Zhang , Yiyu Zhang , Yongpeng Zhang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yue Zhang , Yumei Zhang , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhicheng Zhang , Zhijian Zhang , Jie Zhao , Liang Zhao , Runze Zhao , Shujun Zhao , Hua Zheng , Yangheng Zheng , Li Zhou , Lishui Zhou , Shun Zhou , Xiang Zhou , Xing Zhou , Jingsen Zhu , Kangfu Zhu , Kejun Zhu , Bo Zhuang , Honglin Zhuang , Jiaheng Zou
In astroparticle experiments, photomultiplier tubes are crucial for detecting Cherenkov radiation emitted by charged particles, owing to their exceptional sensitivity to low-intensity light, which is essential for studying high-energy…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2025-04-23
Antonio De Benedittis , Pasquale Migliozzi , Carlos Maximiliano Mollo , Andreino Simonelli , Daniele Vivolo
Ultra-high-energy ($>$ 100 TeV) gamma-ray detection benefits from the use of muon detectors (MDs) thanks to their capability of suppressing the cosmic-ray background. More than 1100 8-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), CR365-02-2 from…
On May 2008 the ANTARES collaboration completed the installation of a neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. This detector consists of a tridimensional array of almost 900 photomultipliers (PMTs) distributed in 12 lines. These PMTs…
Since the early days of experimental particle physics photomultipliers (PMTs) have played an important role in the detector design. Thanks to their capability of fast photon counting, PMTs are extensively used in the new-generation of…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2016-08-24
C. Bozza , T. Chiarusi , M. Costa , F. Di Capua , V. Kulikovskiy , R. Mele , P. Migliozzi , C. M. Mollo , C. Pellegrino , G. Riccobene , D. Vivolo
J-PET is a photon detector built of plastic scintillators, which already has been commissioned for CPT studies in the decays of positronium. In the first experiment, J-PET has achieved a sensitivity to CPT violation at a level of 10^{-4},…
The PandaX project consists of a series of xenon-based experiments that are used to search for dark matter (DM) particles and to study the fundamental properties of neutrinos. The next DM experiment PandaX-4T will be using 4 ton liquid…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2020-12-15
Qibin Zheng , Yanlin Huang , Di Huang , Jianglai Liu , Xiangxiang Ren , Anqing Wang , Meng Wang , Jijun Yang , Binbin Yan , Yong Yang
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China. This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO's sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor…
High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics
2025-02-13
JUNO Collaboration , Angel Abusleme , Thomas Adam , Shakeel Ahmad , Rizwan Ahmed , Sebastiano Aiello , Muhammad Akram , Abid Aleem , Fengpeng An , Qi An , Giuseppe Andronico , Nikolay Anfimov , Vito Antonelli , Tatiana Antoshkina , Burin Asavapibhop , João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André , Didier Auguste , Weidong Bai , Nikita Balashov , Wander Baldini , Andrea Barresi , Davide Basilico , Eric Baussan , Marco Bellato , Marco Beretta , Antonio Bergnoli , Daniel Bick , Lukas Bieger , Svetlana Biktemerova , Thilo Birkenfeld , Iwan Blake , David Blum , Simon Blyth , Anastasia Bolshakova , Mathieu Bongrand , Clément Bordereau , Dominique Breton , Augusto Brigatti , Riccardo Brugnera , Riccardo Bruno , Antonio Budano , Jose Busto , Anatael Cabrera , Barbara Caccianiga , Hao Cai , Xiao Cai , Yanke Cai , Zhiyan Cai , Stéphane Callier , Antonio Cammi , Agustin Campeny , Chuanya Cao , Guofu Cao , Jun Cao , Rossella Caruso , Cédric Cerna , Vanessa Cerrone , Chi Chan , Jinfan Chang , Yun Chang , Auttakit Chatrabhuti , Chao Chen , Guoming Chen , Pingping Chen , Shaomin Chen , Yixue Chen , Yu Chen , Zhangming Chen , Zhiyuan Chen , Zikang Chen , Jie Cheng , Yaping Cheng , Yu Chin Cheng , Alexander Chepurnov , Alexey Chetverikov , Davide Chiesa , Pietro Chimenti , Yen-Ting Chin , Ziliang Chu , Artem Chukanov , Gérard Claverie , Catia Clementi , Barbara Clerbaux , Marta Colomer Molla , Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo , Alberto Coppi , Daniele Corti , Simon Csakli , Flavio Dal Corso , Olivia Dalager , Jaydeep Datta , Christophe De La Taille , Zhi Deng , Ziyan Deng , Xiaoyu Ding , Xuefeng Ding , Yayun Ding , Bayu Dirgantara , Carsten Dittrich , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Tadeas Dohnal , Dmitry Dolzhikov , Georgy Donchenko , Jianmeng Dong , Evgeny Doroshkevich , Wei Dou , Marcos Dracos , Frédéric Druillole , Ran Du , Shuxian Du , Katherine Dugas , Stefano Dusini , Hongyue Duyang , Jessica Eck , Timo Enqvist , Andrea Fabbri , Ulrike Fahrendholz , Lei Fan , Jian Fang , Wenxing Fang , Marco Fargetta , Dmitry Fedoseev , Zhengyong Fei , Li-Cheng Feng , Qichun Feng , Federico Ferraro , Amélie Fournier , Haonan Gan , Feng Gao , Alberto Garfagnini , Arsenii Gavrikov , Marco Giammarchi , Nunzio Giudice , Maxim Gonchar , Guanghua Gong , Hui Gong , Yuri Gornushkin , Alexandre Göttel , Marco Grassi , Maxim Gromov , Vasily Gromov , Minghao Gu , Xiaofei Gu , Yu Gu , Mengyun Guan , Yuduo Guan , Nunzio Guardone , Cong Guo , Wanlei Guo , Xinheng Guo , Caren Hagner , Ran Han , Yang Han , Miao He , Wei He , Tobias Heinz , Patrick Hellmuth , Yuekun Heng , Rafael Herrera , YuenKeung Hor , Shaojing Hou , Yee Hsiung , Bei-Zhen Hu , Hang Hu , Jianrun Hu , Jun Hu , Shouyang Hu , Tao Hu , Yuxiang Hu , Zhuojun Hu , Guihong Huang , Hanxiong Huang , Jinhao Huang , Junting Huang , Kaixuan Huang , Wenhao Huang , Xin Huang , Xingtao Huang , Yongbo Huang , Jiaqi Hui , Lei Huo , Wenju Huo , Cédric Huss , Safeer Hussain , Leonard Imbert , Ara Ioannisian , Roberto Isocrate , Arshak Jafar , Beatrice Jelmini , Ignacio Jeria , Xiaolu Ji , Huihui Jia , Junji Jia , Siyu Jian , Cailian Jiang , Di Jiang , Wei Jiang , Xiaoshan Jiang , Xiaoping Jing , Cécile Jollet , Philipp Kampmann , Li Kang , Rebin Karaparambil , Narine Kazarian , Ali Khan , Amina Khatun , Khanchai Khosonthongkee , Denis Korablev , Konstantin Kouzakov , Alexey Krasnoperov , Sergey Kuleshov , Nikolay Kutovskiy , Loïc Labit , Tobias Lachenmaier , Cecilia Landini , Sébastien Leblanc , Victor Lebrin , Frederic Lefevre , Ruiting Lei , Rupert Leitner , Jason Leung , Demin Li , Fei Li , Fule Li , Gaosong Li , Jiajun Li , Mengzhao Li , Min Li , Nan Li , Qingjiang Li , Ruhui Li , Rui Li , Shanfeng Li , Tao Li , Teng Li , Weidong Li , Weiguo Li , Xiaomei Li , Xiaonan Li , Xinglong Li , Yi Li , Yichen Li , Yufeng Li , Zhaohan Li , Zhibing Li , Ziyuan Li , Zonghai Li , Hao Liang , Hao Liang , Jiajun Liao , Ayut Limphirat , Guey-Lin Lin , Shengxin Lin , Tao Lin , Jiajie Ling , Xin Ling , Ivano Lippi , Caimei Liu , Fang Liu , Fengcheng Liu , Haidong Liu , Haotian Liu , Hongbang Liu , Hongjuan Liu , Hongtao Liu , Hui Liu , Jianglai Liu , Jiaxi Liu , Jinchang Liu , Min Liu , Qian Liu , Qin Liu , Runxuan Liu , Shenghui Liu , Shubin Liu , Shulin Liu , Xiaowei Liu , Xiwen Liu , Xuewei Liu , Yankai Liu , Zhen Liu , Alexey Lokhov , Paolo Lombardi , Claudio Lombardo , Kai Loo , Chuan Lu , Haoqi Lu , Jingbin Lu , Junguang Lu , Peizhi Lu , Shuxiang Lu , Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev , Sultim Lubsandorzhiev , Livia Ludhova , Arslan Lukanov , Daibin Luo , Fengjiao Luo , Guang Luo , Jianyi Luo , Shu Luo , Wuming Luo , Xiaojie Luo , Vladimir Lyashuk , Bangzheng Ma , Bing Ma , Qiumei Ma , Si Ma , Xiaoyan Ma , Xubo Ma , Jihane Maalmi , Marco Magoni , Jingyu Mai , Yury Malyshkin , Roberto Carlos Mandujano , Fabio Mantovani , Xin Mao , Yajun Mao , Stefano M. Mari , Filippo Marini , Agnese Martini , Matthias Mayer , Davit Mayilyan , Ints Mednieks , Yue Meng , Anita Meraviglia , Anselmo Meregaglia , Emanuela Meroni , David Meyhöfer , Lino Miramonti , Nikhil Mohan , Michele Montuschi , Axel Müller , Massimiliano Nastasi , Dmitry V. Naumov , Elena Naumova , Diana Navas-Nicolas , Igor Nemchenok , Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi , Alexey Nikolaev , Feipeng Ning , Zhe Ning , Hiroshi Nunokawa , Lothar Oberauer , Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux , Alexander Olshevskiy , Domizia Orestano , Fausto Ortica , Rainer Othegraven , Alessandro Paoloni , Sergio Parmeggiano , Yatian Pei , Luca Pelicci , Anguo Peng , Haiping Peng , Yu Peng , Zhaoyuan Peng , Frédéric Perrot , Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean , Fabrizio Petrucci , Oliver Pilarczyk , Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico , Artyom Popov , Pascal Poussot , Ezio Previtali , Fazhi Qi , Ming Qi , Xiaohui Qi , Sen Qian , Xiaohui Qian , Zhen Qian , Hao Qiao , Zhonghua Qin , Shoukang Qiu , Manhao Qu , Zhenning Qu , Gioacchino Ranucci , Reem Rasheed , Alessandra Re , Abdel Rebii , Mariia Redchuk , Bin Ren , Jie Ren , Barbara Ricci , Komkrit Rientong , Mariam Rifai , Mathieu Roche , Narongkiat Rodphai , Aldo Romani , Bedřich Roskovec , Xichao Ruan , Arseniy Rybnikov , Andrey Sadovsky , Paolo Saggese , Deshan Sandanayake , Anut Sangka , Giuseppe Sava , Utane Sawangwit , Michaela Schever , Cédric Schwab , Konstantin Schweizer , Alexandr Selyunin , Andrea Serafini , Mariangela Settimo , Vladislav Sharov , Arina Shaydurova , Jingyan Shi , Yanan Shi , Vitaly Shutov , Andrey Sidorenkov , Fedor Šimkovic , Apeksha Singhal , Chiara Sirignano , Jaruchit Siripak , Monica Sisti , Mikhail Smirnov , Oleg Smirnov , Thiago Sogo-Bezerra , Sergey Sokolov , Julanan Songwadhana , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum , Albert Sotnikov , Ondřej Šrámek , Warintorn Sreethawong , Achim Stahl , Luca Stanco , Konstantin Stankevich , Hans Steiger , Jochen Steinmann , Tobias Sterr , Matthias Raphael Stock , Virginia Strati , Alexander Studenikin , Aoqi Su , Jun Su , Shifeng Sun , Xilei Sun , Yongjie Sun , Yongzhao Sun , Zhengyang Sun , Narumon Suwonjandee , Michal Szelezniak , Akira Takenaka , Jian Tang , Qiang Tang , Quan Tang , Xiao Tang , Vidhya Thara Hariharan , Eric Theisen , Alexander Tietzsch , Igor Tkachev , Tomas Tmej , Marco Danilo Claudio Torri , Francesco Tortorici , Konstantin Treskov , Andrea Triossi , Riccardo Triozzi , Wladyslaw Trzaska , Yu-Chen Tung , Cristina Tuve , Nikita Ushakov , Vadim Vedin , Carlo Venettacci , Giuseppe Verde , Maxim Vialkov , Benoit Viaud , Cornelius Moritz Vollbrecht , Katharina von Sturm , Vit Vorobel , Dmitriy Voronin , Lucia Votano , Pablo Walker , Caishen Wang , Chung-Hsiang Wang , En Wang , Guoli Wang , Jian Wang , Jun Wang , Li Wang , Lu Wang , Meng Wang , Meng Wang , Ruiguang Wang , Siguang Wang , Wei Wang , Wenshuai Wang , Xi Wang , Xiangyue Wang , Yangfu Wang , Yaoguang Wang , Yi Wang , Yi Wang , Yifang Wang , Yuanqing Wang , Yuyi Wang , Zhe Wang , Zheng Wang , Zhimin Wang , Apimook Watcharangkool , Wei Wei , Wei Wei , Wenlu Wei , Yadong Wei , Yuehuan Wei , Kaile Wen , Liangjian Wen , Jun Weng , Christopher Wiebusch , Rosmarie Wirth , Bjoern Wonsak , Diru Wu , Qun Wu , Yiyang Wu , Zhi Wu , Michael Wurm , Jacques Wurtz , Christian Wysotzki , Yufei Xi , Dongmei Xia , Fei Xiao , Xiang Xiao , Xiaochuan Xie , Yuguang Xie , Zhangquan Xie , Zhao Xin , Zhizhong Xing , Benda Xu , Cheng Xu , Donglian Xu , Fanrong Xu , Hangkun Xu , Jilei Xu , Jing Xu , Meihang Xu , Xunjie Xu , Yin Xu , Yu Xu , Baojun Yan , Qiyu Yan , Taylor Yan , Xiongbo Yan , Yupeng Yan , Changgen Yang , Chengfeng Yang , Jie Yang , Lei Yang , Xiaoyu Yang , Yifan Yang , Yifan Yang , Haifeng Yao , Jiaxuan Ye , Mei Ye , Ziping Ye , Frédéric Yermia , Zhengyun You , Boxiang Yu , Chiye Yu , Chunxu Yu , Guojun Yu , Hongzhao Yu , Miao Yu , Xianghui Yu , Zeyuan Yu , Zezhong Yu , Cenxi Yuan , Chengzhuo Yuan , Ying Yuan , Zhenxiong Yuan , Baobiao Yue , Noman Zafar , Vitalii Zavadskyi , Fanrui Zeng , Shan Zeng , Tingxuan Zeng , Yuda Zeng , Liang Zhan , Aiqiang Zhang , Bin Zhang , Binting Zhang , Feiyang Zhang , Haosen Zhang , Honghao Zhang , Jialiang Zhang , Jiawen Zhang , Jie Zhang , Jingbo Zhang , Jinnan Zhang , Lei ZHANG , Mohan Zhang , Peng Zhang , Ping Zhang , Qingmin Zhang , Shiqi Zhang , Shu Zhang , Shuihan Zhang , Siyuan Zhang , Tao Zhang , Xiaomei Zhang , Xin Zhang , Xuantong Zhang , Yinhong Zhang , Yiyu Zhang , Yongpeng Zhang , Yu Zhang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yumei Zhang , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhijian Zhang , Jie Zhao , Rong Zhao , Runze Zhao , Shujun Zhao , Dongqin Zheng , Hua Zheng , Yangheng Zheng , Weirong Zhong , Jing Zhou , Li Zhou , Nan Zhou , Shun Zhou , Tong Zhou , Xiang Zhou , Jingsen Zhu , Kangfu Zhu , Kejun Zhu , Zhihang Zhu , Bo Zhuang , Honglin Zhuang , Liang Zong , Jiaheng Zou , Jan Z