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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show reasoning promise, yet their visual perception is a critical bottleneck. Strikingly, MLLMs can produce correct answers even while misinterpreting crucial visual elements, masking these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Aditya Kanade , Tanuja Ganu

Although most current large multimodal models (LMMs) can already understand photos of natural scenes and portraits, their understanding of abstract images, e.g., charts, maps, or layouts, and visual reasoning capabilities remains quite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Wenqi Zhang , Zhenglin Cheng , Yuanyu He , Mengna Wang , Yongliang Shen , Zeqi Tan , Guiyang Hou , Mingqian He , Yanna Ma , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

Understanding perspective is fundamental to human visual perception, yet the extent to which multimodal large language models (MLLMs) internalize perspective geometry remains unclear. We introduce MMPerspective, the first benchmark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yolo Y. Tang , Pinxin Liu , Zhangyun Tan , Mingqian Feng , Rui Mao , Chao Huang , Jing Bi , Yunzhong Xiao , Susan Liang , Hang Hua , Ali Vosoughi , Luchuan Song , Zeliang Zhang , Chenliang Xu

This paper explores the problem of commonsense level vision-knowledge conflict in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), where visual information contradicts model's internal commonsense knowledge. To study this issue, we introduce an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xiaoyuan Liu , Wenxuan Wang , Youliang Yuan , Jen-tse Huang , Qiuzhi Liu , Pinjia He , Zhaopeng Tu

While large language models (LLMs) are still being adopted to new domains and utilized in novel applications, we are experiencing an influx of the new generation of foundation models, namely multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Kian Ahrabian , Zhivar Sourati , Kexuan Sun , Jiarui Zhang , Yifan Jiang , Fred Morstatter , Jay Pujara

Large language models (LLMs) with Chain-of-thought (CoT) have recently emerged as a powerful technique for eliciting reasoning to improve various downstream tasks. As most research mainly focuses on English, with few explorations in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Huiyuan Lai , Malvina Nissim

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) carry the potential to support humans in processing vast amounts of information. While MLLMs are already being used as a fact-checking tool, their abilities and limitations in this regard are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Jiahui Geng , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Preslav Nakov , Iryna Gurevych

As multimodal large language models (MLLMs) frequently exhibit errors in complex video reasoning scenarios, correcting these errors is critical for uncovering their weaknesses and improving performance. However, existing benchmarks lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Xusen Hei , Jiali Chen , Jinyu Yang , Mengchen Zhao , Yi Cai

Real-world multimodal learning is often hindered by missing modalities. While Incomplete Multimodal Learning (IML) has gained traction, existing methods typically rely on the unrealistic assumption of full-modal availability during training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Huangbiao Xu , Huanqi Wu , Xiao Ke , Yuxin Peng

Effective financial reasoning demands not only textual understanding but also the ability to interpret complex visual data such as charts, tables, and trend graphs. This paper introduces a new benchmark designed to evaluate how well AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Shuangyan Deng , Haizhou Peng , Jiachen Xu , Chunhou Liu , Ciprian Doru Giurcuaneanu , Jiamou Liu

The popularity of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has triggered a recent surge in research efforts dedicated to evaluating these models. Nevertheless, existing evaluation studies of MLLMs primarily focus on the comprehension and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Xiaocui Yang , Wenfang Wu , Shi Feng , Ming Wang , Daling Wang , Yang Li , Qi Sun , Yifei Zhang , Xiaoming Fu , Soujanya Poria

Spatial relation reasoning is a crucial task for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to understand the objective world. However, current benchmarks have issues like relying on bounding boxes, ignoring perspective substitutions, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jingping Liu , Ziyan Liu , Zhedong Cen , Yan Zhou , Yinan Zou , Weiyan Zhang , Haiyun Jiang , Tong Ruan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate considerable potential in clinical diagnostics, a domain that inherently requires synthesizing complex visual and textual data alongside consulting authoritative medical literature.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yannian Gu , Zhongzhen Huang , Linjie Mu , Xizhuo Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaofan Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on complex reasoning by leveraging chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to generate intermediate reasoning chains as the rationale to infer the answer. However, existing CoT studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zhuosheng Zhang , Aston Zhang , Mu Li , Hai Zhao , George Karypis , Alex Smola

Reasoning lies at the heart of intelligence, shaping the ability to make decisions, draw conclusions, and generalize across domains. In artificial intelligence, as systems increasingly operate in open, uncertain, and multimodal…

A well-executed graphic design typically achieves harmony in two levels, from the fine-grained design elements (color, font and layout) to the overall design. This complexity makes the comprehension of graphic design challenging, for it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Jieru Lin , Danqing Huang , Tiejun Zhao , Dechen Zhan , Chin-Yew Lin

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in understanding various types of image, including text-rich images. Most existing text-rich image benchmarks are simple extraction-based question answering, and many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Jian Chen , Ruiyi Zhang , Yufan Zhou , Ryan Rossi , Jiuxiang Gu , Changyou Chen

With the rapid progress of Multimodal LLMs, evaluating their mathematical reasoning capabilities has become an increasingly important research direction. In particular, visual-textual mathematical reasoning serves as a key indicator of an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hao Liang , Linzhuang Sun , Minxuan Zhou , Zirong Chen , Meiyi Qiang , Mingan Lin , Tianpeng Li , Fan Yang , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang

As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) acquire stronger reasoning capabilities to handle complex, multi-image instructions, this advancement may pose new safety risks. We study this problem by introducing MIR-SafetyBench, the first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Renmiao Chen , Yida Lu , Shiyao Cui , Xuan Ouyang , Victor Shea-Jay Huang , Shumin Zhang , Chengwei Pan , Han Qiu , Minlie Huang

Numerous theorems, such as those in geometry, are often presented in multimodal forms (e.g., diagrams). Humans benefit from visual reasoning in such settings, using diagrams to gain intuition and guide the proof process. Modern Multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zhitao He , Zongwei Lyu , Dazhong Chen , Dadi Guo , Yi R. Fung