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High temperature superconductivity in cuprate superconductors is generally considered to be generated from doping the Mott insulators. The fundamental nature of the doped parent compounds as well as the microscopic origin of electron…
Superconductivity in underdoped cuprates emerges from an unusual electronic state characterised by nodal quasiparticles and an antinodal pseudogap. The relation between this state and superconductivity is intensely studied but remains…
Many emergent phenomena appear in doped Mott insulators near the insulator-to-metal transition. In high-temperature cuprate superconductors, superconductivity arises when antiferromagnetic (AFM) order is gradually suppressed by carrier…
We use scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+{\delta} trilayer cuprates from the optimally doped to overdoped regime. We find that the two distinct superconducting gaps from the inner and outer CuO2 planes both…
One of the puzzling characteristics of the pseudogap phase of high-$T_c$ cuprates is the nodal-antinodal dichotomy. While the nodal quasiparticles have a Fermi liquid behaviour, the antinodal ones show non-Fermi liquid features and an…
Central issues in the electronic structure of underdoped cuprate superconductors are to clarify the shape of the Fermi surfaces and the origin of the pseudogap. On the basis of the model proposed by Kamimura and Suwa, which bears important…
We have investigated the optimally doped tri-layer cuprate Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{10+\delta}$ (Bi2223) by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and observed energy bands and Fermi surfaces originated from the outer and inner…
Trilayer cuprates hold the record for the highest superconducting critical temperatures ($T_{\text{c}}$), yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (tr-ARPES), we uncover a…
The pseudogap phenomena have been a long-standing mystery of the cuprate high-temperature superconductors. The pseudogap in the electron-doped cuprates has been attributed to band folding due to antiferromagnetic (AFM) long-range order or…
The cuprates exhibit anomalous momentum-space structure with antinodal gap and nodal arc in the underdoped regime, which evolves into a complete hole-type Fermi surface with a large Luttinger volume in the overdoped regime. The real-space…
By paying special attention to the fact that the doped holes induce deformation of CuO6 octahedrons (or CuO5 pyramids) in cuprate superconductors, we develop a non-rigid band theory treating doping-induced alterations of energy-band…
By measuring the low temperature specific heat, the low energy quasi-particle excitation has been derived and analyzed in systematically doped La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ single crystals. The Volovik's relation predicted for a d-wave…
We report on laser-excited angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in the electron-doped cuprate Sm(1.85)Ce(0.15)CuO(4-d). The data show the existence of a nodal hole-pocket Fermi-surface both in the normal and superconducting…
The phase diagram of the high-Tc cuprates is dominated by the Mott insulating phase of the parent compounds. As we approach it from large doping, a standard Fermi-liquid gradually turns into a bad non-Fermi liquid metal, a process which…
In multilayered high-Tc cuprates with three or more CuO2 layers per unit cell, the inner CuO2 planes (IPs) are spatially separated from the dopant layers and thus remain cleaner than the outer planes (OPs). While both interlayer coupling…
We formulate a model describing the doping ($x$) and temperature ($T$) dependence of the $ab$-plane and c-axis penetration depth of a cuprate superconductor. The model incorporates the suppression of the superfluid density with underdoping…
The currently established electronic phase diagram of cuprates is based on a study of single- and double-layered compounds. These CuO$_2$ planes, however, are directly contacted with dopant layers, thus inevitably disordered with an…
A nodeless superconducting (SC) gap was reported in a recent scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiment of a copper-oxide monolayer grown on the Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$ (Bi2212) substrate [Y. Zhong {\it et al.}, Sci. Bull. {\bf…
The cuprate superconductors distinguish themselves from the conventional superconductors in that a small variation in the carrier doping can significantly change the superconducting transition temperature (T_c), giving rise to a…
The pseudogap phase in the cuprates is a most unusual state of matter: it is a metal, but its Fermi surface is broken up into disconnected segments known as Fermi arcs. Using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we show that the…