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On-device LLMs have gained increasing attention for their ability to enhance privacy and provide a personalized user experience. To facilitate private learning with scarce data, Federated Learning has become a standard approach. However, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Dongyang Fan , Bettina Messmer , Nikita Doikov , Martin Jaggi

LLM-guided compiler optimization has recently shown promise, but existing approaches rely on a single large LLM throughout search, making them expensive and excluding smaller models. We pose the research question: whether heterogeneous LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Annabelle Sujun Tang , Christopher Priebe , Lianhui Qin , Hadi Esmaeilzadeh

A flurry of recent work has demonstrated that pre-trained large language models (LLMs) can be effective task planners for a variety of single-robot tasks. The planning performance of LLMs is significantly improved via prompting techniques,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Jacob Arkin , Yang Zhang , Nicholas Roy , Chuchu Fan

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to increasingly diverse requests, accompanied with varying resource (compute and memory) demands to serve them. However, this in turn degrades the cost-efficiency of LLM serving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Youhe Jiang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaozhe Yao , Guoliang He , Xupeng Miao , Ana Klimovic , Bin Cui , Binhang Yuan , Eiko Yoneki

Language models (LMs) are increasingly used in collaboration: multiple LMs trained by different parties collaborate through routing systems, multi-agent debate, model merging, and more. Critical safety risks remain in this decentralized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Ziyuan Yang , Wenxuan Ding , Shangbin Feng , Yulia Tsvetkov

AI WiFi offload is emerging as a promising approach for providing large language model (LLM) services to resource-constrained wireless devices. However, unlike conventional edge computing, LLM inference over WiFi must jointly address…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Mingqi Han , Xinghua Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a variety of tasks. However, their substantial scale leads to significant computational resource consumption during inference, resulting in high costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhaode Wang , Jingbang Yang , Xinyu Qian , Shiwen Xing , Xiaotang Jiang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

In recent times, the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly larger model size, posing challenges for inference on low-resource devices. Prior approaches have explored offloading to facilitate low-memory…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xuanlei Zhao , Bin Jia , Haotian Zhou , Ziming Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Yang You

To address data locality and privacy restrictions, Federated Learning (FL) has recently been adopted to fine-tune large language models (LLMs), enabling improved performance on various downstream tasks without requiring aggregated data.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Han Liu , Ruoyao Wen , Srijith Nair , Jia Liu , Wenjing Lou , Chongjie Zhang , William Yeoh , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Ning Zhang

Federated learning can be used to train machine learning models on the edge on local data that never leave devices, providing privacy by default. This presents a challenge pertaining to the communication and computation costs associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Dhruv Guliani , Lillian Zhou , Changwan Ryu , Tien-Ju Yang , Harry Zhang , Yonghui Xiao , Francoise Beaufays , Giovanni Motta

The high inference cost of Large Language Models (LLMs) poses challenges, especially for tasks requiring lengthy outputs. However, natural language often contains redundancy, which presents an opportunity for optimization. We have observed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Alfredo Garrachón Ruiz , Tomás de la Rosa , Daniel Borrajo

We present a systematic evaluation of large language model families -- spanning both proprietary cloud APIs and locally-hosted open-source models -- on two purpose-built benchmarks for System Dynamics AI assistance: the \textbf{CLD…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Terry Leitch

Large language model (LLM) decoding suffers from high latency due to fragmented execution across operators and heavy reliance on off-chip memory for data exchange and reduction. This execution model limits opportunities for fusion and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Xinhao Luo , Zihan Liu , Yangjie Zhou , Shihan Fang , Ziyu Huang , Yu Feng , Chen Zhang , Shixuan Sun , Zhenzhe Zheng , Jingwen Leng , Minyi Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but incur high communication overhead and privacy risks in cloud deployments, while facing compute and memory constraints…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Junfei Zhan , Haoxun Shen , Zheng Lin , Tengjiao He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across various tasks, yet their high computational demands pose deployment challenges, especially on consumer-grade hardware. Mixture of Experts (MoE) models provide an efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 En-Ming Huang , Li-Shang Lin , Chun-Yi Lee

The emergence of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has transformed the scaling of large language models by enabling vast model capacity through sparse activation. Yet, converting these performance gains into practical edge deployment remains…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tian Wu , Liming Wang , Zijian Wen , Xiaoxi Zhang , Xu Chen , Jingpu Duan , Xianwei Zhang , Jinhang Zuo

While Text-to-SQL systems achieve high accuracy, existing efficiency metrics like the Valid Efficiency Score prioritize execution time, a metric we show is fundamentally decoupled from consumption-based cloud billing. This paper evaluates…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Saurabh Deochake , Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay

While small language models (SLMs) show promises for mobile deployment, their real-world performance and applications on smartphones remains underexplored. We present SlimLM, a series of SLMs optimized for document assistance tasks on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Thang M. Pham , Phat T. Nguyen , Seunghyun Yoon , Viet Dac Lai , Franck Dernoncourt , Trung Bui

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made significant advancements in reasoning capabilities. However, they still face challenges such as high computational demands and privacy concerns. This paper…

The integration of wireless communications and Large Language Models (LLMs) is poised to unlock ubiquitous intelligent services, yet deploying them in wireless edge-device collaborative environments presents a critical trade-off between…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Rui Bao , Nan Xue , Yaping Sun , Zhiyong Chen