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As multimedia content expands, the demand for unified multimodal retrieval (UMR) in real-world applications increases. Recent work leverages multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to tackle this task. However, their large parameter size…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yibo Lyu , Rui Shao , Gongwei Chen , Yijie Zhu , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie

Large language models show impressive abilities in memorizing world knowledge, which leads to concerns regarding memorization of private information, toxic or sensitive knowledge, and copyrighted content. We introduce the problem of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yu Wang , Ruihan Wu , Zexue He , Xiusi Chen , Julian McAuley

Machine unlearning (MU) aims to remove the influence of particular data points from the learnable parameters of a trained machine learning model. This is a crucial capability in light of data privacy requirements, trustworthiness, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xavier F. Cadet , Anastasia Borovykh , Mohammad Malekzadeh , Sara Ahmadi-Abhari , Hamed Haddadi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency in generating text, benefiting from extensive training on vast textual corpora. However, LLMs may also acquire unwanted behaviors from the diverse and sensitive nature of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Zhiwei Zhang , Fali Wang , Xiaomin Li , Zongyu Wu , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Qi He , Wenpeng Yin , Suhang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) learn undesirable properties during pretraining, including dangerous knowledge and toxic text generation. Just as post-training uses different objectives to shape different behaviors, we argue that unlearning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Berk Atil , Vipul Gupta , Rebecca J. Passonneau

Machine unlearning (MUL) refers to the problem of making a pre-trained model selectively forget some training instances or class(es) while retaining performance on the remaining dataset. Existing MUL research involves fine-tuning using a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Soumya Roy , Soumya Banerjee , Vinay Verma , Soumik Dasgupta , Deepak Gupta , Piyush Rai

Machine Unlearning (MU) aims at removing the influence of specific data points from a trained model, striving to achieve this at a fraction of the cost of full model retraining. In this paper, we analyze the efficiency of unlearning methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-24 Martin Van Waerebeke , Marco Lorenzi , Giovanni Neglia , Kevin Scaman

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains, yet their utility comes with significant challenges related to outdated or problematic knowledge embedded during pretraining. This paper addresses the challenge of modifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Akshaj Kumar Veldanda , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Anirban Das , Supriyo Chakraborty , Stephen Rawls , Sambit Sahu , Milind Naphade

Unlearning in large language models is becoming increasingly important due to regulatory compliance, copyright protection, and privacy concerns. However, a key challenge in LLM unlearning is unintended forgetting, where the removal of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Peizhi Niu , Evelyn Ma , Huiting Zhou , Duo Zhou , Huan Zhang , S. Rasoul Etesami , Olgica Milenkovic

Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) aims to remove specified data, but its efficacy is typically assessed with task-level metrics like accuracy and perplexity. We show that these metrics can be misleading, as models can appear to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaoyu Xu , Xiang Yue , Yang Liu , Qingqing Ye , Huadi Zheng , Peizhao Hu , Minxin Du , Haibo Hu

Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) involves precisely removing specific information from a pre-trained model. This is crucial to ensure safety of LLMs by deleting private data or harmful knowledge acquired during pre-training.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Naman Deep Singh , Maximilian Müller , Francesco Croce , Matthias Hein

We study how to perform unlearning, i.e. forgetting undesirable misbehaviors, on large language models (LLMs). We show at least three scenarios of aligning LLMs with human preferences can benefit from unlearning: (1) removing harmful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yuanshun Yao , Xiaojun Xu , Yang Liu

Large language model (LLM) unlearning has demonstrated effectiveness in removing the influence of undesirable data (also known as forget data). Existing approaches typically assume full access to the forget dataset, overlooking two key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Linxi Xie , Xin Teng , Shichang Ke , Hongyi Wen , Shengjie Wang

Large language models often display undesirable behaviors embedded in their internal representations, undermining fairness, inconsistency drift, amplification of harmful content, and the propagation of unwanted patterns during extended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Afrozah Nadeem , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Large language models trained on massive corpora of data from the web can memorize and reproduce sensitive or private data raising both legal and ethical concerns. Unlearning, or tuning models to forget information present in their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Pratyush Maini , Zhili Feng , Avi Schwarzschild , Zachary C. Lipton , J. Zico Kolter

Recent advancements in Machine Unlearning (MU) have introduced solutions to selectively remove certain training samples, such as those with outdated or sensitive information, from trained models. Despite these advancements, evaluation of MU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Jiali Cheng , Hadi Amiri

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific training data from a model without requiring full retraining. This capability is crucial for ensuring privacy, safety, and regulatory compliance. Therefore, verifying whether a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Liran Cohen , Yaniv Nemcovesky , Avi Mendelson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong potential in accelerating digital hardware design through automated code generation. Yet, ensuring their reliability remains a critical challenge, as existing LLMs trained on massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Yiwen Liang , Qiufeng Li , Shikai Wang , Weidong Cao

Large language models inevitably retain sensitive information, defined as inputs that may induce harmful generations, due to training on massive web corpora, raising concerns for privacy and safety. Existing machine unlearning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yujie Lin , Chengyi Yang , Zhishang Xiang , Yiping Song , Jinsong Su

Machine Unlearning (MU) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to remove unsafe or outdated information. However, existing work assumes that all facts are equally forgettable and largely ignores whether the forgotten knowledge originates from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Borisiuk Anna , Andrey Savchenko , Alexander Panchenko , Elena Tutubalina