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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses the growing need for transparency and interpretability in AI systems, enabling trust and accountability in decision-making processes. This book offers a comprehensive guide to XAI,…

Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a promising tool to downscale climate projections at regional-to-local scales from large-scale atmospheric fields following the perfect-prognosis (PP) approach. Given their complexity, it is crucial to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-06 Jose González-Abad , Jorge Baño-Medina , José Manuel Gutiérrez

Interpretability tools are increasingly used to analyze failures of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet prior work largely focuses on short prompts or toy settings, leaving their behavior on commonly used benchmarks underexplored. To address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Rongyuan Tan , Jue Zhang , Zhuozhao Li , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

The increasing complexity of LLMs presents significant challenges to their transparency and interpretability, necessitating the use of eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques to enhance trustworthiness and usability. This study introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Melkamu Abay Mersha , Mesay Gemeda Yigezu , Hassan Shakil , Ali K. AlShami , Sanghyun Byun , Jugal Kalita

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods shed light on the predictions of machine learning algorithms. Several different approaches exist and have already been applied in climate science. However, usually missing ground truth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Philine Bommer , Marlene Kretschmer , Anna Hedström , Dilyara Bareeva , Marina M. -C. Höhne

Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a powerful tool for improving the performance of AI models, going beyond providing model transparency and interpretability. The scarcity of labeled data remains a fundamental challenge in developing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Melkamu Abay Mersha , Mesay Gemeda Yigezu , Atnafu Lambebo Tonja , Hassan Shakil , Samer Iskander , Olga Kolesnikova , Jugal Kalita

This position paper highlights a growing trend in Explainable AI (XAI) research where Large Language Models (LLMs) are used to translate outputs from explainability techniques, like feature-attribution weights, into a natural language…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Ashley Suh , Kenneth Alperin , Harry Li , Steven R Gomez

Explainable AI (XAI) is slowly becoming a key component for many AI applications. Rule-based and modified backpropagation XAI approaches however often face challenges when being applied to modern model architectures including innovative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Frederik Pahde , Galip Ümit Yolcu , Alexander Binder , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin

The recent spike in certified Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools for healthcare has renewed the debate around adoption of this technology. One thread of such debate concerns Explainable AI (XAI) and its promise to render AI devices more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Giovanni Cinà , Tabea E. Röber , Rob Goedhart , Ş. İlker Birbil

The truthfulness of existing explanation methods in authentically elucidating the underlying model's decision-making process has been questioned. Existing methods have deviated from faithfully representing the model, thus susceptible to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Sangyu Han , Yearim Kim , Nojun Kwak

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods lack ground truth. In its place, method developers have relied on axioms to determine desirable properties for their explanations' behavior. For high stakes uses of machine learning that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Isha Hameed , Samuel Sharpe , Daniel Barcklow , Justin Au-Yeung , Sahil Verma , Jocelyn Huang , Brian Barr , C. Bayan Bruss

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to uncover the inner reasoning of machine learning models. In IoT systems, XAI improves the transparency of models processing sensor data from multiple heterogeneous devices, ensuring end-users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Michele Fiori , Gabriele Civitarese , Priyankar Choudhary , Claudio Bettini

Research in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasing, aiming to make deep learning models more transparent. Most XAI methods focus on justifying the decisions made by Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in security-relevant…

Comparative opinion mining involves comparing products from different reviews. However, transformer-based models designed for this task often lack transparency, which can adversely hinder the development of trust in users. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ngoc-Quang Le , T. Thanh-Lam Nguyen , Quoc-Trung Phu , Thi-Phuong Le , Duy-Cat Can , Hoang-Quynh Le

Methods of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) are used in geoscientific applications to gain insights into the decision-making strategy of Neural Networks (NNs) highlighting which features in the input contribute the most to a NN…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-08-22 Antonios Mamalakis , Elizabeth A. Barnes , Imme Ebert-Uphoff

There have been several research works proposing new Explainable AI (XAI) methods designed to generate model explanations having specific properties, or desiderata, such as fidelity, robustness, or human-interpretability. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Sérgio Jesus , Catarina Belém , Vladimir Balayan , João Bento , Pedro Saleiro , Pedro Bizarro , João Gama

AI-native architectures are vital for 6G wireless communications. The black-box nature and high complexity of deep learning models employed in critical applications, such as channel estimation, limit their practical deployment. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Abdul Karim Gizzini , Yahia Medjahdi

Decision explanations of machine learning black-box models are often generated by applying Explainable AI (XAI) techniques. However, many proposed XAI methods produce unverified outputs. Evaluation and verification are usually achieved with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Udo Schlegel , Daniela Oelke , Daniel A. Keim , Mennatallah El-Assady

In an era increasingly dominated by digital platforms, the spread of misinformation poses a significant challenge, highlighting the need for solutions capable of assessing information veracity. Our research contributes to the field of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Darius Feher , Abdullah Khered , Hao Zhang , Riza Batista-Navarro , Viktor Schlegel

Explainable AI (XAI) techniques have been widely used to help explain and understand the output of deep learning models in fields such as image classification and Natural Language Processing. Interest in using XAI techniques to explain deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Xiaoliang Wu , Peter Bell , Ajitha Rajan