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Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) improve task performance through extended inference-time reasoning. Although previous studies suggest that longer reasoning should lead to more robust safety behavior, we find evidence to the contrary:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jianli Zhao , Tingchen Fu , Rylan Schaeffer , Mrinank Sharma , Fazl Barez

Jailbreaking -- bypassing built-in safety mechanisms in AI models -- has traditionally required complex technical procedures or specialized human expertise. In this study, we show that the persuasive capabilities of large reasoning models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Thilo Hagendorff , Erik Derner , Nuria Oliver

Recently, Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated superior logical capabilities compared to traditional Large Language Models (LLMs), gaining significant attention. Despite their impressive performance, the potential for stronger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Viet-Anh Nguyen , Shiqian Zhao , Gia Dao , Runyi Hu , Yi Xie , Luu Anh Tuan

Large Language Models have shown impressive generative capabilities across diverse tasks, but their safety remains a critical concern. Existing post-training alignment methods, such as SFT and RLHF, reduce harmful outputs yet leave LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhengyue Zhao , Yingzi Ma , Somesh Jha , Marco Pavone , Patrick McDaniel , Chaowei Xiao

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on complex multi-step reasoning, yet they still exhibit severe safety failures such as harmful content generation. Existing methods often apply coarse-grained constraints over the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yingzhi Mao , Chunkang Zhang , Junxiang Wang , Xinyan Guan , Boxi Cao , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated increasing power, they have also given rise to a wide range of harmful behaviors. As representatives, jailbreak attacks can provoke harmful or unethical responses from LLMs, even after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Nan Xu , Fei Wang , Ben Zhou , Bang Zheng Li , Chaowei Xiao , Muhao Chen

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLRMs) has enabled sophisticated visual reasoning capabilities by integrating reinforcement learning and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) supervision. However, while these enhanced reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Bingrui Sima , Linhua Cong , Wenxuan Wang , Kun He

Emerging Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) consistently excel in mathematical and reasoning tasks, showcasing remarkable capabilities. However, the enhancement of reasoning abilities and the exposure of internal reasoning processes introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Zheng Li , Junfeng Liu , Heming Xia , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in generating step-by-step reasoning chains alongside final answers, enabling their deployment in high-stakes domains such as healthcare and education. While prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Zehao Wang , Lanjun Wang

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks simulate real-world human interactions by engaging large language models (LLMs) in iterative dialogues, exposing critical safety vulnerabilities. However, existing methods often struggle to balance semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zonghao Ying , Deyue Zhang , Zonglei Jing , Yisong Xiao , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Siyuan Liang , Xiangzheng Zhang , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) undergo safety alignment to suppress harmful content. However, current defenses predominantly target explicit malicious patterns in the input representation, often overlooking the vulnerabilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Quanchen Zou , Moyang Chen , Zonghao Ying , Wenzhuo Xu , Yisong Xiao , Deyue Zhang , Dongdong Yang , Zhao Liu , Xiangzheng Zhang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving complex problems by generating structured, step-by-step reasoning content. However, exposing a model's internal reasoning process introduces additional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Haoxuan Ji , Yuzhe Huang , Haichang Gao

Recent reasoning-based safety guardrails for Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as deliberative alignment, have shown strong defense against jailbreak attacks. By leveraging LRMs' reasoning ability, these guardrails help the models to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shuo Chen , Zhen Han , Haokun Chen , Bailan He , Shengyun Si , Jingpei Wu , Philip Torr , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu

Modern large reasoning models (LRMs) exhibit impressive multi-step problem-solving via chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. However, this iterative thinking mechanism introduces a new vulnerability surface. We present the Deadlock Attack, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mohan Zhang , Yihua Zhang , Jinghan Jia , Zhangyang Wang , Sijia Liu , Tianlong Chen

The rapid advancement of multi-modal large reasoning models (MLRMs) -- enhanced versions of multimodal language models (MLLMs) equipped with reasoning capabilities -- has revolutionized diverse applications. However, their safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Junfeng Fang , Yukai Wang , Ruipeng Wang , Zijun Yao , Kun Wang , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have become powerful tools for complex problem solving, but their structured reasoning pathways can lead to unsafe outputs when exposed to harmful prompts. Existing safety alignment methods reduce harmful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Wonje Jeung , Sangyeon Yoon , Minsuk Kahng , Albert No

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have emerged as a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, representing a specialized class of large language models (LLMs) designed to tackle complex reasoning tasks. The defining characteristic of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Biao Yi , Zekun Fei , Jianing Geng , Tong Li , Lihai Nie , Zheli Liu , Yiming Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained considerable popularity and protected by increasingly sophisticated safety mechanisms. However, jailbreak attacks continue to pose a critical security threat by inducing models to generate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zehao Liu , Xi Lin

The increasing sophistication of large vision-language models (LVLMs) has been accompanied by advances in safety alignment mechanisms designed to prevent harmful content generation. However, these defenses remain vulnerable to sophisticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Quanchen Zou , Zonghao Ying , Moyang Chen , Wenzhuo Xu , Yisong Xiao , Yakai Li , Deyue Zhang , Dongdong Yang , Zhao Liu , Xiangzheng Zhang

Ensuring the safety and alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is crucial for generating responses that are beneficial to humanity. While LLMs have the capability to identify and avoid harmful queries, they remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yihua Zhou , Xiaochuan Shi
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