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Recently years have witnessed a rapid development of large language models (LLMs). Despite the strong ability in many language-understanding tasks, the heavy computational burden largely restricts the application of LLMs especially when one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Xiaotao Gu , Xin Chen , Heng Chang , Hengheng Zhang , Zhengsu Chen , Xiaopeng Zhang , Qi Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer severe performance degradation when facing extremely low-bit (sub 2-bit) quantization. Several existing sub 2-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) methods utilize a mix-precision scheme by leveraging an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiaqi Zhao , Miao Zhang , Ming Wang , Yuzhang Shang , Kaihao Zhang , Weili Guan , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang

Large transformer models have demonstrated remarkable success. Post-training quantization (PTQ), which requires only a small dataset for calibration and avoids end-to-end retraining, is a promising solution for compressing these large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Zhikai Li , Xuewen Liu , Jing Zhang , Qingyi Gu

Current quantization methods for LLMs predominantly rely on block-wise structures to maintain efficiency, often at the cost of representational flexibility. In this work, we demonstrate that element-wise quantization can be made as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Pingzhi Tang , Ruijie Zhou , Fanxu Meng , Wenjie Pei , Muhan Zhang

At present, the quantification methods of neural network models are mainly divided into post-training quantization (PTQ) and quantization aware training (QAT). Post-training quantization only need a small part of the data to complete the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Huabin Diao , Gongyan Li , Shaoyun Xu , Yuexing Hao

Large language models (LLMs) are costly to deploy due to their large memory footprint and high inference cost. Weight-activation quantization can reduce these costs, but low-bit activation quantization remains difficult because activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chayne Thrash , Ali Abbasi , Soheil Kolouri

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant deployment challenges due to their substantial memory requirements and the computational demands of auto-regressive text generation process. This paper addresses these challenges by focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Yuxuan Yue , Zhihang Yuan , Haojie Duanmu , Sifan Zhou , Jianlong Wu , Liqiang Nie

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge devices requires extremely low-bit quantization. Ultra-low precision formats such as NVFP4 offer a promising solution for reducing memory footprint and accelerating computation. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hanglin Li , Shuchang Tian , Chen Lin , Zhiyong Zhao , Kun Zhan

This paper presents novel techniques for improving the error correction performance and reducing the complexity of coarsely quantized 5G-LDPC decoders. The proposed decoder design supports arbitrary message-passing schedules on a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Philipp Mohr , Gerhard Bauch

Quantization is the key method for reducing inference latency, power and memory footprint of generative AI models. However, accuracy often degrades sharply when activations are quantized below eight bits. Recent work suggests that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Marco Federici , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Boris van Breugel , Paul Whatmough , Markus Nagel

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP, but their demands hinder their widespread deployment. While Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) offers a solution, its extensive training costs make Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) a more practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Jing Liu , Ruihao Gong , Xiuying Wei , Zhiwei Dong , Jianfei Cai , Bohan Zhuang

We give a general procedure for weight reducing quantum codes. This corrects a previous work\cite{owr}, and introduces a new technique that we call "coning" to effectively induce high weight stabilizers in an LDPC code. As one application,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 M. B. Hastings

Conventional model compression techniques for LLMs address high memory consumption and slow inference challenges but typically require computationally expensive retraining to preserve accuracy. In contrast, one-shot compression methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Mohammad Mozaffari , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Maryam Mehri Dehnavi

Quantization is widely adopted to accelerate inference and reduce memory consumption in large language models (LLMs). While activation-weight joint quantization enables efficient low-precision decoding, it suffers from substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Juntao Zhao , Wenhao Lu , Sheng Wang , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

One of the challenges of quantizing a large language model (LLM) is the presence of outliers. Outliers often make uniform quantization schemes less effective, particularly in extreme cases such as 4-bit quantization. We introduce KurTail, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mohammad Sadegh Akhondzadeh , Aleksandar Bojchevski , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Martino Dazzi

Model compression methods are used to reduce the computation and energy requirements for Large Language Models (LLMs). Quantization Aware Training (QAT), an effective model compression method, is proposed to reduce performance degradation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 He Li , Jianhang Hong , Yuanzhuo Wu , Snehal Adbol , Zonglin Li

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce the deployment cost of large language models (LLMs), and post-training quantization (PTQ) has been widely studied due to its efficiency. However, existing PTQ methods are limited by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qitao Tan , Xiaoying Song , Jin Lu , Guoming Li , Jun Liu , Lingzi Hong , Caiwen Ding , Jundong Li , Xiaoming Zhai , Shaoyi Huang , Wei Niu , Geng Yuan

Model compression has become an emerging need as the sizes of modern speech systems rapidly increase. In this paper, we study model weight quantization, which directly reduces the memory footprint to accommodate computationally…

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) to extremely low bit-widths remains challenging due to the fundamental trade-off between computational efficiency and representational capacity. While existing ultra-low-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 He Xiao , Runming Yang , Qingyao Yang , Wendong Xu , Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Zhengwu Liu , Hongxia Yang , Ngai Wong

Compressing the KV cache is a required step to deploy large language models on edge devices. Current quantization methods compress storage but fail to reduce bandwidth as attention calculation requires dequantizing keys from INT4/INT8 to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Aryan Karmore
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