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Quantization is a widely-used compression technology to reduce the overhead of serving large language models (LLMs) on terminal devices and in cloud data centers. However, prevalent quantization methods, such as 8-bit weight-activation or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Lian Liu , Haimeng Ren , Long Cheng , Zhaohui Xu , Yudong Pan , Mengdi Wang , Xiaowei Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical deployment is hindered by their immense memory and computation requirements. Although recent post-training quantization (PTQ)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Peng Xu , Lirui Zhao , Zhiqian Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Post-training quantization (PTQ) techniques applied to weights, activations, and the KV cache greatly reduce memory usage, latency, and power consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs), but may lead to large quantization errors when…

Post training quantization is essential for deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource constrained hardware, yet state of the art methods enforce uniform bit widths across layers, yielding suboptimal accuracy efficiency trade offs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Arpit Singh Gautam , Saurabh Jha

Deep learning algorithms achieve high classification accuracy at the expense of significant computation cost. In order to reduce this cost, several quantization schemes have gained attention recently with some focusing on weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Jungwook Choi , Pierce I-Jen Chuang , Zhuo Wang , Swagath Venkataramani , Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan , Kailash Gopalakrishnan

Deep learning algorithms achieve high classification accuracy at the expense of significant computation cost. To address this cost, a number of quantization schemes have been proposed - but most of these techniques focused on quantizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Jungwook Choi , Zhuo Wang , Swagath Venkataramani , Pierce I-Jen Chuang , Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan , Kailash Gopalakrishnan

Quantizing deep neural networks is an effective method for reducing memory consumption and improving inference speed, and is thus useful for implementation in resource-constrained devices. However, it is still hard for extremely low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Kohei Yamamoto

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising approach to reducing the storage and computational requirements of large language models (LLMs) without additional training cost. Recent PTQ studies have primarily focused on quantizing only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Reena Elangovan , Charbel Sakr , Anand Raghunathan , Brucek Khailany

In this paper, we propose a novel optimizer state compression algorithm, namely $\pi$-Quant, which leverages the properties of irrational numbers (e.g., $\pi$) for memory-efficient training. The core idea is based on our mathematical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Zhen Tian , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces the memory footprint of LLMs by quantizing their weights to low-precision. In this work, we introduce QuIP#, a weight-only PTQ method that achieves state-of-the-art results in extreme compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Albert Tseng , Jerry Chee , Qingyao Sun , Volodymyr Kuleshov , Christopher De Sa

Low-bit quantization is challenging to maintain high performance with limited model capacity (e.g., 4-bit for both weights and activations). Naturally, the distribution of both weights and activations in deep neural network are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Haibao Yu , Tuopu Wen , Guangliang Cheng , Jiankai Sun , Qi Han , Jianping Shi

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Quantization is a practical technique for making large language models easier to deploy by reducing the precision used to store and operate on model weights. This can lower memory use and improve runtime feasibility on constrained hardware,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Uygar Kurt

Quantization is a powerful tool to improve large language model (LLM) inference efficiency by utilizing more energy-efficient low-precision datapaths and reducing memory footprint. However, accurately quantizing LLM weights and activations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Coleman Hooper , Charbel Sakr , Ben Keller , Rangharajan Venkatesan , Kurt Keutzer , Sophia Shao , Brucek Khailany

The realization of scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing is expected to hinge on quantum error-correcting codes. In the quest for more efficient quantum fault tolerance, a critical code parameter is the weight of measurements that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 Austin Yubo He , Zi-Wen Liu

Large-scale language models (LLMs) excel in language processing tasks but face deployment challenges due to high memory and computational demands. While low-bit quantization, such as 4-bit techniques, offers a potential solution, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Dongyoung Lee , Seungkyu Choi , Ik Joon Chang

Long-context inference in large language models is increasingly bottlenecked by the memory and compute cost of the KV-Cache. Low-rank factorization compresses KV projections by writing $W \approx A * B$, where A produces latent KV states…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jihao Xin , Tian Lyu , David Keyes , Hatem Ltaief , Marco Canini

This work studies post-training parameter quantization in large language models (LLMs). We introduce quantization with incoherence processing (QuIP), a new method based on the insight that quantization benefits from $\textit{incoherent}$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jerry Chee , Yaohui Cai , Volodymyr Kuleshov , Christopher De Sa

Large reasoning models (LRMs) reach competition-level math and coding accuracy via long autoregressive decoding, making per-token decoding cost a primary deployment concern. Weight quantization is the standard tool for acceleration, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Euntae Choi , Sumin Song , Sungjoo Yoo

The Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2) is a powerful foundation model for promptable segmentation. However, its high computational and memory costs are a major barrier to deployment on resource-constrained devices. In this paper, we present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Nicola Farronato , Florian Scheidegger , Mattia Rigotti , Cristiano Malossi , Michele Magno , Haotong Qin
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