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Search has emerged as core infrastructure for LLM-based agents and is widely viewed as critical on the path toward more general intelligence. Finance is a particularly demanding proving ground: analysts routinely conduct complex, multi-step…

Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating human-like responses but often struggle with interactive tasks that require access to real-time information. This limitation poses challenges in finance, where models must access up-to-date…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ankur Sinha , Chaitanya Agarwal , Pekka Malo

Accurate information retrieval (IR) is critical in the financial domain, where investors must identify relevant information from large collections of documents. Traditional IR methods -- whether sparse or dense -- often fall short in…

Current large language models (LLMs) have proven useful for analyzing financial data, but most existing models, such as BloombergGPT and FinGPT, lack customization for specific user needs. In this paper, we address this gap by developing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Felix Tian , Ajay Byadgi , Daniel Kim , Daochen Zha , Matt White , Kairong Xiao , Xiao-Yang Liu Yanglet

As financial institutions and professionals increasingly incorporate Large Language Models (LLMs) into their workflows, substantial barriers, including proprietary data and specialized knowledge, persist between the finance sector and the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-28 Hongyang Yang , Boyu Zhang , Neng Wang , Cheng Guo , Xiaoli Zhang , Likun Lin , Junlin Wang , Tianyu Zhou , Mao Guan , Runjia Zhang , Christina Dan Wang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited notable efficacy in question-answering (QA) tasks across diverse domains. Their prowess in integrating extensive web knowledge has fueled interest in developing LLM-based…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-12-05 Yangyang Yu , Haohang Li , Zhi Chen , Yuechen Jiang , Yang Li , Denghui Zhang , Rong Liu , Jordan W. Suchow , Khaldoun Khashanah

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated notable potential in conducting complex tasks and are increasingly utilized in various financial applications. However, high-quality sequential financial investment decision-making remains…

Recent advancements have underscored the potential of large language model (LLM)-based agents in financial decision-making. Despite this progress, the field currently encounters two main challenges: (1) the lack of a comprehensive LLM agent…

Over the past three years, the financial services industry has witnessed Large Language Models (LLMs) and agents transitioning from the exploration stage to readiness and governance stages. Financial large language models (FinLLMs), such as…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shengyuan Lin , Kaiwen He , Jaisal Patel , Qinchuan Zhang , Chris Ding , James Tang , Keyi Wang , Yupeng Cao , Yan Wang , Kairong Xiao , Vincent Caldeira , Matt White , Xiao-Yang Liu Yanglet

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been employed in financial decision making, enhancing analytical capabilities for investment strategies. Traditional investment strategies often utilize quantitative models, fundamental analysis, and…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-04 Sedigheh Mahdavi , Jiating , Chen , Pradeep Kumar Joshi , Lina Huertas Guativa , Upmanyu Singh

Existing large language models (LLMs) driven search agents typically rely on prompt engineering to decouple the user queries into search plans, limiting their effectiveness in complex scenarios requiring reasoning. Furthermore, they suffer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jinzheng Li , Sibo Ju , Yanzhou Su , Hongguang Li , Yiqing Shen

Artificial intelligence is making significant strides in the finance industry, revolutionizing how data is processed and interpreted. Among these technologies, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial potential to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Cehao Yang , Chengjin Xu , Yiyan Qi

Large Language models (LLMs) usually rely on extensive training datasets. In the financial domain, creating numerical reasoning datasets that include a mix of tables and long text often involves substantial manual annotation expenses. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Ziqiang Yuan , Kaiyuan Wang , Shoutai Zhu , Ye Yuan , Jingya Zhou , Yanlin Zhu , Wenqi Wei

Current financial large language models (FinLLMs) struggle with two critical limitations: the absence of objective evaluation metrics to assess the quality of stock analysis reports and a lack of depth in stock analysis, which impedes their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shijie Han , Jingshu Zhang , Yiqing Shen , Kaiyuan Yan , Hongguang Li

Financial sentiment analysis is critical for valuation and investment decision-making. Traditional NLP models, however, are limited by their parameter size and the scope of their training datasets, which hampers their generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Boyu Zhang , Hongyang Yang , Tianyu Zhou , Ali Babar , Xiao-Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in financial research workflows, where their role is evolving from single-model assistance for human analysts toward autonomous collaboration among multiple agents. Yet real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yiyun Zhu , Yidong Jiang , Ziwen Xu , Yinsheng Yao , Dawei Cheng , Jinru Ding , Jie Xu

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the financial domain is driving a paradigm shift from passive information retrieval to dynamic, agentic interaction. While general-purpose tool learning has witnessed a surge in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiaxuan Lu , Kong Wang , Yemin Wang , Qingmei Tang , Hongwei Zeng , Xiang Chen , Jiahao Pi , Shujian Deng , Lingzhi Chen , Yi Fu , Kehua Yang , Xiao Sun

Financial decision-making presents unique challenges for language models, demanding temporal reasoning, adaptive risk assessment, and responsiveness to dynamic events. While large language models (LLMs) show strong general reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiaxiang Chen , Mingxi Zou , Zhuo Wang , Qifan Wang , Dongning Sun , Chi Zhang , Zenglin Xu

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly revolutionized web search. The emergence of LLM-based Search Agents marks a pivotal shift towards deeper, dynamic, autonomous information seeking. These agents can comprehend user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yunjia Xi , Jianghao Lin , Yongzhao Xiao , Zheli Zhou , Rong Shan , Te Gao , Jiachen Zhu , Weiwen Liu , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Deep Research (DR) Agents powered by advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally shifted the paradigm for completing complex research tasks. Yet, a comprehensive and live evaluation of their forecasting performance on…

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