English
Related papers

Related papers: AutoToM: Scaling Model-based Mental Inference via …

200 papers

Theory of Mind (ToM)-the cognitive ability to reason about mental states of ourselves and others, is the foundation of social interaction. Although ToM comes naturally to humans, it poses a significant challenge to even the most advanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Guiyang Hou , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Linjuan Wu , Weiming Lu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly tested for a "Theory of Mind" (ToM) - the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others. Yet most evaluations stop at explicit belief attribution in classical toy stories or stylized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuling Gu , Oyvind Tafjord , Hyunwoo Kim , Jared Moore , Ronan Le Bras , Peter Clark , Yejin Choi

Theory of mind (ToM) evaluations currently focus on testing models using passive narratives that inherently lack interactivity. We introduce FANToM, a new benchmark designed to stress-test ToM within information-asymmetric conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Hyunwoo Kim , Melanie Sclar , Xuhui Zhou , Ronan Le Bras , Gunhee Kim , Yejin Choi , Maarten Sap

The study explores whether current Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities -- specifically, the ability to infer others' beliefs, intentions, and emotions from text. Given that LLMs are trained on language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Anna Babarczy , Andras Lukacs , Peter Vedres , Zeteny Bujka

Machine learning of Theory of Mind (ToM) is essential to build social agents that co-live with humans and other agents. This capacity, once acquired, will help machines infer the mental states of others from observed contextual action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Dung Nguyen , Phuoc Nguyen , Hung Le , Kien Do , Svetha Venkatesh , Truyen Tran

Understanding what a user believes and intends is central to building effective agent assistants. This ability is often evaluated through Theory-of-Mind (ToM) tasks, where success requires reasoning from the user's perspective. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Cheng Qian , Jiayu Liu , Heng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming human-computer interaction and conceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) with their impressive capacities for conversing and reasoning in natural language. There is growing interest in whether…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Winnie Street

Understanding people's social interactions in complex real-world scenarios often relies on intricate mental reasoning. To truly understand how and why people interact with one another, we must infer the underlying mental states that give…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Haojun Shi , Suyu Ye , Xinyu Fang , Chuanyang Jin , Leyla Isik , Yen-Ling Kuo , Tianmin Shu

We present a new explainable AI (XAI) framework aimed at increasing justified human trust and reliance in the AI machine through explanations. We pose explanation as an iterative communication process, i.e. dialog, between the machine and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Arjun R. Akula , Changsong Liu , Sari Saba-Sadiya , Hongjing Lu , Sinisa Todorovic , Joyce Y. Chai , Song-Chun Zhu

Theory of Mind (ToM) is a fundamental cognitive architecture that endows humans with the ability to attribute mental states to others. Humans infer the desires, beliefs, and intentions of others by observing their behavior and, in turn,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Chuang Yu , Baris Serhan , Angelo Cangelosi

LLM-based MAS are gaining popularity due to their potential for collaborative problem-solving enhanced by advances in natural language comprehension, reasoning, and planning. Research in Theory of Mind (ToM) and Belief-Desire-Intention…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Adam Kostka , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the cognitive capability to perceive and ascribe mental states to oneself and others. Recent research has sparked a debate over whether large language models (LLMs) exhibit a form of ToM. However, existing ToM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zhuang Chen , Jincenzi Wu , Jinfeng Zhou , Bosi Wen , Guanqun Bi , Gongyao Jiang , Yaru Cao , Mengting Hu , Yunghwei Lai , Zexuan Xiong , Minlie Huang

Theory of Mind (ToM) is central to social cognition and human-AI interaction, and Large Language Models (LLMs) have been used to help understand and represent ToM. However, most evaluations treat ToM as a static judgment at a single moment,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Thuy Ngoc Nguyen , Duy Nhat Phan , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to reason about one's own and others' mental states. ToM plays a critical role in the development of intelligence, language understanding, and cognitive processes. While previous work has primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yinghui He , Yufan Wu , Yilin Jia , Rada Mihalcea , Yulong Chen , Naihao Deng

Datasets used for emotion recognition tasks typically contain overt cues that can be used in predicting the emotions expressed in a text. However, one challenge is that texts sometimes contain covert contextual cues that are rich in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming artificial intelligence, enabling autonomous agents to perform diverse tasks across various domains. These agents, proficient in human-like text comprehension and generation, have the potential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Saikat Barua

A major challenge for Multi-Agent Systems is enabling agents to adapt dynamically to diverse environments in which opponents and teammates may continually change. Agents trained using conventional methods tend to excel only within the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Qian Long , Ruoyan Li , Minglu Zhao , Tao Gao , Demetri Terzopoulos

Theory-of-Mind (ToM) tasks pose a unique challenge for large language models (LLMs), which often lack the capability for dynamic logical reasoning. In this work, we propose DEL-ToM, a framework that improves verifiable ToM reasoning through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuheng Wu , Jianwen Xie , Denghui Zhang , Zhaozhuo Xu

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to track others epistemic state, makes humans efficient collaborators. AI agents need the same capacity in multi agent settings, yet existing benchmarks mostly test literal ToM by asking direct belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gurusha Juneja , Dylan Lu , Saaket Agashe , Parth Diwane , Edward Gunn , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , William Yang Wang , Yali Du , Xin Eric Wang

Originating in psychology, $\textit{Theory of Mind}$ (ToM) has attracted significant attention across multiple research communities, especially logic, economics, and robotics. Most psychological work does not aim at formalizing those…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fengming Zhu , Yuxin Pan , Xiaomeng Zhu , Fangzhen Lin