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interpretable, and well understood models that are routinely employed even though, as is revealed through prior and posterior predictive checks, these can poorly characterise the spatial heterogeneity in the underlying process of interest.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-08 Andrew Zammit-Mangion , Michael D. Kaminski , Ba-Hien Tran , Maurizio Filippone , Noel Cressie

In the domain of scientific machine learning, designing effective reward functions remains a challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), particularly in environments where task goals are difficult to specify numerically. Reward functions in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Aoming Liang , Chi Cheng , Dashuai Chen , Boai Sun , Dixia Fan

Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based inference on battery-powered devices can be made more energy-efficient by restricting the synaptic weights to be binary, hence eliminating the need to perform multiplications. An alternative, emerging,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Hyeryung Jang , Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Osvaldo Simeone

In curriculum reinforcement learning (CRL), an agent incrementally accumulates knowledge over a sequence of tasks (i.e., a curriculum), and the learning process is aimed at using the accumulated knowledge to finally solve a challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yongyan Wen , Siyuan Li , Mingjian Fu , Yiqin Yang , Xun Wang , Peng Liu

Machine learning algorithms learn to solve a task, but are unable to improve their ability to learn. Meta-learning methods learn about machine learning algorithms and improve them so that they learn more quickly. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Calarina Muslimani , Alex Lewandowski , Dale Schuurmans , Matthew E. Taylor , Jun Luo

Training general agents to follow complex instructions (tasks) in intricate environments (levels) remains a core challenge in reinforcement learning. Random sampling of task-level pairs often produces unsolvable combinations, highlighting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Daniel Furelos-Blanco , Charles Pert , Frederik Kelbel , Alex F. Spies , Alessandra Russo , Michael Dennis

Agents that interact with other agents often do not know a priori what the other agents' strategies are, but have to maximise their own online return while interacting with and learning about others. The optimal adaptive behaviour under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Luisa Zintgraf , Sam Devlin , Kamil Ciosek , Shimon Whiteson , Katja Hofmann

A major problem in machine learning is that of inductive bias: how to choose a learner's hypothesis space so that it is large enough to contain a solution to the problem being learnt, yet small enough to ensure reliable generalization from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-02 J. Baxter

Deep reinforcement learning enables algorithms to learn complex behavior, deal with continuous action spaces and find good strategies in environments with high dimensional state spaces. With deep reinforcement learning being an active area…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Winfried Lötzsch

A long-standing challenge in Reinforcement Learning is enabling agents to learn a model of their environment which can be transferred to solve other problems in a world with the same underlying rules. One reason this is difficult is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Kai Olav Ellefsen , Jim Torresen

A persistent skill library allows language model agents to reuse successful strategies across tasks. Maintaining such a library requires three coupled capabilities. The agent selects a relevant skill, utilizes it during execution, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yaorui Shi , Yuxin Chen , Zhengxi Lu , Yuchun Miao , Shugui Liu , Qi GU , Xunliang Cai , Xiang Wang , An Zhang

Head-to-head autonomous racing is a challenging problem, as the vehicle needs to operate at the friction or handling limits in order to achieve minimum lap times while also actively looking for strategies to overtake/stay ahead of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Dvij Kalaria , Qin Lin , John M. Dolan

Accurate and reliable prediction of hospital admission location is important due to resource-constraints and space availability in a clinical setting, particularly when dealing with patients who come from the emergency department. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Rasheed el-Bouri , David Eyre , Peter Watkinson , Tingting Zhu , David Clifton

We introduce the framework of performative reinforcement learning where the policy chosen by the learner affects the underlying reward and transition dynamics of the environment. Following the recent literature on performative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Debmalya Mandal , Stelios Triantafyllou , Goran Radanovic

Learning-based methods for inverse problems, adapting to the data's inherent structure, have become ubiquitous in the last decade. Besides empirical investigations of their often remarkable performance, an increasing number of works…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-21 Clemens Arndt , Sören Dittmer , Nick Heilenkötter , Meira Iske , Tobias Kluth , Judith Nickel

We propose Automatic Curricula via Expert Demonstrations (ACED), a reinforcement learning (RL) approach that combines the ideas of imitation learning and curriculum learning in order to solve challenging robotic manipulation tasks with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Siyu Dai , Andreas Hofmann , Brian Williams

Curriculum learning has been a quiet, yet crucial component of many high-profile successes of reinforcement learning. Despite this, it is still a niche topic that is not directly supported by any of the major reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ryan Sullivan , Ryan Pégoud , Ameen Ur Rehman , Xinchen Yang , Junyun Huang , Aayush Verma , Nistha Mitra , John P. Dickerson

Model-based Bayesian reinforcement learning has generated significant interest in the AI community as it provides an elegant solution to the optimal exploration-exploitation tradeoff in classical reinforcement learning. Unfortunately, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-06-18 Stephane Ross , Joelle Pineau

In this paper we consider self-supervised representation learning to improve sample efficiency in reinforcement learning (RL). We propose a forward prediction objective for simultaneously learning embeddings of states and action sequences.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 William Whitney , Rajat Agarwal , Kyunghyun Cho , Abhinav Gupta

Advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated superhuman performance in complex tasks such as Starcraft, Go, Chess etc. However, knowledge transfer from Artificial "Experts" to humans remain a significant challenge. A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Sidney Tio , Pradeep Varakantham