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4D radars, which provide 3D point cloud data along with Doppler velocity, are attractive components of modern automated driving systems due to their low cost and robustness under adverse weather conditions. However, they provide a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Siqi Pei , Andras Palffy , Dariu M. Gavrila

A realistic view of the vehicle's surroundings is generally offered by camera sensors, which is crucial for environmental perception. Affordable radar sensors, on the other hand, are becoming invaluable due to their robustness in variable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Kavin Chandrasekaran , Sorin Grigorescu , Gijs Dubbelman , Pavol Jancura

The ability to accurately detect and localize objects is recognized as being the most important for the perception of self-driving cars. From 2D to 3D object detection, the most difficult is to determine the distance from the ego-vehicle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Nguyen Anh Minh Mai , Pierre Duthon , Louahdi Khoudour , Alain Crouzil , Sergio A. Velastin

In this paper, we present a parallel architecture for a sensor fusion detection system that combines a camera and 1D light detection and ranging (lidar) sensor for object detection. The system contains two object detection methods, one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-25 I-Hsi Kao , Ya-Zhu Yian , Jian-An Su , Yi-Horng Lai , Jau-Woei Perng , Tung-Li Hsieh , Yi-Shueh Tsai , Min-Shiu Hsieh

When localizing and detecting 3D objects for autonomous driving scenes, obtaining information from multiple sensor (e.g. camera, LIDAR) typically increases the robustness of 3D detectors. However, the efficient and effective fusion of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Can Chen , Luca Zanotti Fragonara , Antonios Tsourdos

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar has attracted significant attention in robotics and autonomous driving. However, despite the perception stability in harsh environments, the point cloud generated by mmWave radar is relatively sparse while…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ruixin Wu , Zihan Li , Jin Wang , Xiangyu Xu , Zhi Zheng , Kaixiang Huang , Guodong Lu

Low-cost, vision-centric 3D perception systems for autonomous driving have made significant progress in recent years, narrowing the gap to expensive LiDAR-based methods. The primary challenge in becoming a fully reliable alternative lies in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Philipp Wolters , Johannes Gilg , Torben Teepe , Fabian Herzog , Anouar Laouichi , Martin Hofmann , Gerhard Rigoll

In the field of autonomous driving, 3D object detection is a very important perception module. Although the current SOTA algorithm combines Camera and Lidar sensors, limited by the high price of Lidar, the current mainstream landing schemes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Kai Lei , Zhan Chen , Shuman Jia , Xiaoteng Zhang

Detecting water-surface targets for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) is challenging due to wave clutter, specular reflections, and weak appearance cues in long-range observations. Although 4D millimeter-wave radar complements cameras under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuting Wan , Liguo Sun , Jiuwu Hao , Zao Zhang , Pin LV

We propose LiRaFusion to tackle LiDAR-radar fusion for 3D object detection to fill the performance gap of existing LiDAR-radar detectors. To improve the feature extraction capabilities from these two modalities, we design an early fusion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jingyu Song , Lingjun Zhao , Katherine A. Skinner

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address the problem of camera and radar sensor fusion for 3D object detection in autonomous vehicle perception systems. Our approach builds on recent advances in deep learning and leverages the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Daniel Dworak , Mateusz Komorkiewicz , Paweł Skruch , Jerzy Baranowski

The rapid evolution of deep learning and its integration with autonomous driving systems have led to substantial advancements in 3D perception using multimodal sensors. Notably, radar sensors show greater robustness compared to cameras and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Miao Zhang , Sherif Abdulatif , Benedikt Loesch , Marco Altmann , Marius Schwarz , Bin Yang

We propose a new method for fusing a LIDAR point cloud and camera-captured images in the deep convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed method constructs a new layer called non-homogeneous pooling layer to transform features between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Zining Wang , Wei Zhan , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Segmenting objects in an environment is a crucial task for autonomous driving and robotics, as it enables a better understanding of the surroundings of each agent. Although camera sensors provide rich visual details, they are vulnerable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Huawei Sun , Bora Kunter Sahin , Georg Stettinger , Maximilian Bernhard , Matthias Schubert , Robert Wille

4D mmWave radar provides weather-robust, velocity-aware measurements and is more cost-effective than LiDAR. However, radar-only 3D detection still trails LiDAR-based systems because radar point clouds are sparse, irregular, and often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yichun Xiao , Runwei Guan , Fangqiang Ding

By exploiting complementary sensor information, radar and camera fusion systems have the potential to provide a highly robust and reliable perception system for advanced driver assistance systems and automated driving functions. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Lukas Stäcker , Philipp Heidenreich , Jason Rambach , Didier Stricker

Perceiving the surrounding environment is a fundamental task in autonomous driving. To obtain highly accurate perception results, modern autonomous driving systems typically employ multi-modal sensors to collect comprehensive environmental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zhiwei Lin , Zhe Liu , Yongtao Wang , Le Zhang , Ce Zhu

One of the main paths towards the reduction of traffic accidents is the increase in vehicle safety through driver assistance systems or even systems with a complete level of autonomy. In these types of systems, tasks such as obstacle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Felipe Manfio Barbosa , Fernando Santos Osório

LiDAR and camera fusion techniques are promising for achieving 3D object detection in autonomous driving. Most multi-modal 3D object detection frameworks integrate semantic knowledge from 2D images into 3D LiDAR point clouds to enhance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shaoqing Xu , Fang Li , Ziying Song , Jin Fang , Sifen Wang , Zhi-Xin Yang

Collaborative visual perception methods have gained widespread attention in the autonomous driving community in recent years due to their ability to address sensor limitation problems. However, the absence of explicit depth information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Shaohong Wang , Bin Lu , Xinyu Xiao , Hanzhi Zhong , Bowen Pang , Tong Wang , Zhiyu Xiang , Hangguan Shan , Eryun Liu
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