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The successful training of deep neural networks requires addressing challenges such as overfitting, numerical instabilities leading to divergence, and increasing variance in the residual stream. A common solution is to apply regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jörg K. H. Franke , Urs Spiegelhalter , Marianna Nezhurina , Jenia Jitsev , Frank Hutter , Michael Hefenbrock

Soft robots are gaining popularity thanks to their intrinsic safety to contacts and adaptability. However, the potentially infinite number of Degrees of Freedom makes their modeling a daunting task, and in many cases only an approximated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Gabriele Tiboni , Andrea Protopapa , Tatiana Tommasi , Giuseppe Averta

Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated its potential to learn complex robotic manipulation tasks. However, RL still requires the robot to collect a large amount of real-world experience. To address this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Bohan Wu , Feng Xu , Zhanpeng He , Abhi Gupta , Peter K. Allen

Quadratic programming is a workhorse of modern nonlinear optimization, control, and data science. Although regularized methods offer convergence guarantees under minimal assumptions on the problem data, they can exhibit the slow…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Jeremy Bertoncini , Alberto De Marchi , Matthias Gerdts , Simon Gottschalk

Reinforcement learning (RL) applications, where an agent can simply learn optimal behaviors by interacting with the environment, are quickly gaining tremendous success in a wide variety of applications from controlling simple pendulums to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Mariam Kiran , Melis Ozyildirim

Q-learning algorithms are appealing for real-world applications due to their data-efficiency, but they are very prone to overfitting and training instabilities when trained from visual observations. Prior work, namely SVEA, finds that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Abdulaziz Almuzairee , Nicklas Hansen , Henrik I. Christensen

Due to the realization that deep reinforcement learning algorithms trained on high-dimensional tasks can strongly overfit to their training environments, there have been several studies that investigated the generalization performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Safa Alver , Doina Precup

Reinforcement learning is applied to solve actual complex tasks from high-dimensional, sensory inputs. The last decade has developed a long list of reinforcement learning algorithms. Recent progress benefits from deep learning for raw…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Yanfei Xiang , Xin Wang , Shu Hu , Bin Zhu , Xiaomeng Huang , Xi Wu , Siwei Lyu

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has advanced alignment capabilities significantly but remains hindered by two core challenges: \textbf{reward hacking} and \textbf{stable optimization}. Current solutions independently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Li He , Qiang Qu , He Zhao , Stephen Wan , Dadong Wang , Lina Yao , Tongliang Liu

Developing scalable and generalizable reward engineering for reinforcement learning (RL) is crucial for creating general-purpose agents, especially in the challenging domain of robotic manipulation. While recent advances in reward…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yuhui Chen , Haoran Li , Zhennan Jiang , Haowei Wen , Dongbin Zhao

Reinforcement learning has achieved significant milestones, but sample efficiency remains a bottleneck for real-world applications. Recently, CrossQ has demonstrated state-of-the-art sample efficiency with a low update-to-data (UTD) ratio…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Daniel Palenicek , Florian Vogt , Joe Watson , Jan Peters

Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of LLM test-time scaling. However, existing approaches to incentivize LLMs' deep thinking abilities generally require large-scale data or significant training efforts. Meanwhile, it remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Ruotian Ma , Peisong Wang , Cheng Liu , Xingyan Liu , Jiaqi Chen , Bang Zhang , Xin Zhou , Nan Du , Jia Li

Conventional reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms exhibit broad generality in their theoretical formulation and high performance on several challenging domains when combined with powerful function approximation. However, developing RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Joseph Modayil , Zaheer Abbas

The average-reward formulation of reinforcement learning (RL) has drawn increased interest in recent years for its ability to solve temporally-extended problems without relying on discounting. Meanwhile, in the discounted setting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jacob Adamczyk , Volodymyr Makarenko , Stas Tiomkin , Rahul V. Kulkarni

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely applied to dynamic routing, modulation and spectrum assignment (RMSA) in optical networks, yet no prior work has trained a transformer model for this task. We attribute this to the high data and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Michael Doherty , Alejandra Beghelli , Laura Toni

In performative learning, the data distribution reacts to the deployed model - for example, because strategic users adapt their features to game it - which creates a more complex dynamic than in classical supervised learning. One should…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Edwige Cyffers , Alireza Mirrokni , Marco Mondelli

Reinforcement learning is a general methodology of adaptive optimal control that has attracted much attention in various fields ranging from video game industry to robot manipulators. Despite its remarkable performance demonstrations, plain…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Pavel Osinenko , Grigory Yaremenko , Ilya Osokin

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, yet it is susceptible to reward overoptimization, in which policy models overfit to the reward model,…

Supervised regression to demonstrations has been demonstrated to be a stable way to train deep policy networks. We are motivated to study how we can take full advantage of supervised loss functions for stably training deep reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Daochen Zha , Kwei-Herng Lai , Kaixiong Zhou , Xia Hu

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable abilities by integrating large language models with visual inputs. However, they often fail to utilize visual evidence adequately, either depending on linguistic priors in vision-centric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaojun Guo , Runyu Zhou , Yifei Wang , Qi Zhang , Chenheng Zhang , Stefanie Jegelka , Xiaohan Wang , Jiajun Chai , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Yisen Wang