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Boolean satisfiability (SAT) is a fundamental NP-complete problem with many applications, including automated planning and scheduling. To solve large instances, SAT solvers have to rely on heuristics, e.g., choosing a branching variable in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Mikhail Shirokikh , Ilya Shenbin , Anton Alekseev , Sergey Nikolenko

We obtain the smallest unsatisfiable formulas in subclasses of $k$-CNF (exactly $k$ distinct literals per clause) with bounded variable or literal occurrences. Smaller unsatisfiable formulas of this type translate into stronger…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Tianwei Zhang , Tomáš Peitl , Stefan Szeider

The Smatch metric is a popular method for evaluating graph distances, as is necessary, for instance, to assess the performance of semantic graph parsing systems. However, we observe some issues in the metric that jeopardize meaningful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Juri Opitz

A quantified Boolean formula (QBF) is a propositional formula extended with universal and existential quantification over propositions. There are two methodologies in CEGAR based QBF solving techniques, one that is based on a refinement…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Leander Tentrup

We consider the problem of incrementally solving a sequence of quantified Boolean formulae (QBF). Incremental solving aims at using information learned from one formula in the process of solving the next formulae in the sequence. Based on a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-09-05 Florian Lonsing , Uwe Egly

We introduce and investigate symbolic proof systems for Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBF) operating on Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs). These systems capture QBF solvers that perform symbolic quantifier elimination, and as such…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Stefan Mengel , Friedrich Slivovsky

We proposes a novel method that enables Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to solve SAT problems by leveraging a technique developed for applying GNNs to Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). Specifically, k-CNF formulae are mapped into MILP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Franco Alberto Cardillo , Hamza Khyari , Umberto Straccia

Standard answer set programming (ASP) targets at solving search problems from the first level of the polynomial time hierarchy (PH). Tackling search problems beyond NP using ASP is less straightforward. The class of disjunctive logic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Bart Bogaerts , Tomi Janhunen , Shahab Tasharrofi

In recent years, expansion-based techniques have been shown to be very powerful in theory and practice for solving quantified Boolean formulas (QBF), the extension of propositional formulas with existential and universal quantifiers over…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Roderick Bloem , Nicolas Braud-Santoni , Vedad Hadzic , Uwe Egly , Florian Lonsing , Martina Seidl

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem is of fundamental importance in computer science and many application domains. For Grover's algorithm, solving the SAT problem requires $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{2^n})$ queries--where n denotes the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 He Wang , Jinyang Yao

In many QBF encodings, sequences of Boolean variables stand for binary representations of integer variables. Examples are state labels in bounded model checking or actions in planning problems. Often not the full possible range is used,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Maximilian Heisinger , Irfansha Shaik , Martina Seidl , Jaco van de Pol

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) integrate heterogeneous data, but one challenge is the development of efficient tools for allowing end users to extract useful insights from these sources of knowledge. In such a context, reducing the size of a…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Emetis Niazmand , Gezim Sejdiu , Damien Graux , Maria-Esther Vidal

Graph theory is important in information theory. We introduce a quantization process on graphs and apply the quantized graphs in quantum information. The quon language provides a mathematical theory to study such quantized graphs in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-29 Zhengwei Liu

Quantified Boolean formulas (QBFs) generalize propositional formulas by admitting quantifications over propositional variables. QBFs can be viewed as (restricted) formulas of first-order predicate logic and easy translations of QBFs into…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-25 Uwe Egly

Satisfiability (SAT) is a central problem in computer science, and advances in SAT-solving algorithms have a far-reaching impact across many fields. Recent works have proposed quantum SAT solvers based on Grover's algorithm, a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Shang-Wei Lin , Ji-Qing Yan , Yean-Ru Chen , Zhe Hou , David Sanán

We introduce a novel generalization of Counterexample-Guided Inductive Synthesis (CEGIS) and instantiate it to yield a novel, competitive algorithm for solving Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBF). Current QBF solvers based on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Roderick Bloem , Nicolas Braud-Santoni , Vedad Hadzic

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers have been successfully applied to solve many problems in formal verification such as bounded model checking (BMC) for many classes of systems from integrated circuits to cyber-physical systems.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Luan V. Nguyen , Wesam Haddad , Taylor T. Johnson

Over the last few years, much progress has been made in the theory and practice of solving quantified Boolean formulas (QBF). Novel solvers have been presented that either successfully enhance established techniques or implement novel…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-21 Florian Lonsing , Martina Seidl , Allen Van Gelder

Code optimization and high level synthesis can be posed as constraint satisfaction and optimization problems, such as graph coloring used in register allocation. Graph coloring is also used to model more traditional CSPs relevant to AI,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-09-13 F. A. Aloul , I. L. Markov , A. Ramani , K. A. Sakallah

The QSAT problem, which asks to evaluate a quantified Boolean formula (QBF), is of fundamental interest in approximation, counting, decision, and probabilistic complexity and is also considered the prototypical PSPACEcomplete problem. As…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Johannes K. Fichte , Robert Ganian , Markus Hecher , Friedrich Slivovsky , Sebastian Ordyniak