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Android malware has been on the rise in recent years due to the increasing popularity of Android and the proliferation of third party application markets. Emerging Android malware families are increasingly adopting sophisticated detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-06 BooJoong Kang , Suleiman Y. Yerima , Sakir Sezer , Kieran McLaughlin

Analyzing a huge amount of malware is a major burden for security analysts. Since emerging malware is often a variant of existing malware, automatically classifying malware into known families greatly reduces a part of their burden.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Rikima Mitsuhashi , Takahiro Shinagawa

Malware remains a big threat to cyber security, calling for machine learning based malware detection. While promising, such detectors are known to be vulnerable to evasion attacks. Ensemble learning typically facilitates countermeasures,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Deqiang Li , Qianmu Li

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices is paralleled by them being on the front-line of malicious attacks. This has led to an explosion in the number of IoT malware, with continued mutations, evolution, and sophistication.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Ahmed Abusnaina , Afsah Anwar , Sultan Alshamrani , Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar , RhongHo Jang , Daehun Nyang , David Mohaisen

This technical report presents a comprehensive analysis of malware classification using OpCode sequences. Two distinct approaches are evaluated: traditional machine learning using n-gram analysis with Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Varij Saini , Rudraksh Gupta , Neel Soni

Sophisticated malware families exploit the openness of the Android platform to infiltrate IoT networks, enabling large-scale disruption, data exfiltration, and denial-of-service attacks. This systematic literature review (SLR) examines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Shama Maganur , Yili Jiang , Jiaqi Huang , Fangtian Zhong

There is little information from independent sources in the public domain about mobile malware infection rates. The only previous independent estimate (0.0009%) [12], was based on indirect measurements obtained from domain name resolution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-28 Hien Thi Thu Truong , Eemil Lagerspetz , Petteri Nurmi , Adam J. Oliner , Sasu Tarkoma , N. Asokan , Sourav Bhattacharya

The rising use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to create and disseminate malware poses a significant cybersecurity challenge due to their ability to generate and distribute attacks with ease. A single prompt can initiate a wide array of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jamal Al-Karaki , Muhammad Al-Zafar Khan , Marwan Omar

There is an increase in global malware threats. To address this, an encryption-type ransomware has been introduced on the Android operating system. The challenges associated with malicious threats in phone use have become a pressing issue…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Parick Ozoh , John K Omoniyi , Bukola Ibitoye

The rapidly evolving nature of Android apps poses a significant challenge to static batch machine learning algorithms employed in malware detection systems, as they quickly become obsolete. Despite this challenge, the existing literature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Molina-Coronado B. , Mori U. , Mendiburu A. , Miguel-Alonso J

The increasing frequency of attacks on Android applications coupled with the recent popularity of large language models (LLMs) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities of the latter in identifying potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Vasileios Kouliaridis , Georgios Karopoulos , Georgios Kambourakis

As the number and complexity of malware attacks continue to increase, there is an urgent need for effective malware detection systems. While deep learning models are effective at detecting malware, they are vulnerable to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Mahesh Datta Sai Ponnuru , Likhitha Amasala , Tanu Sree Bhimavarapu , Guna Chaitanya Garikipati

The analysis of tabular datasets is highly prevalent both in scientific research and real-world applications of Machine Learning (ML). Unlike many other ML tasks, Deep Learning (DL) models often do not outperform traditional methods in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Assaf Shmuel , Oren Glickman , Teddy Lazebnik

As Android malware is growing and evolving, deep learning has been introduced into malware detection, resulting in great effectiveness. Recent work is considering hybrid models and multi-view learning. However, they use only simple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Yafei Wu , Jian Shi , Peicheng Wang , Dongrui Zeng , Cong Sun

With the increasing user base of Android devices and advent of technologies such as Internet Banking, delicate user data is prone to be misused by malware and spyware applications. As the app developer community increases, the quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Dhruv Rathi , Rajni Jindal

Android malware detection continues to face persistent challenges stemming from long-term concept drift and class imbalance, as evolving malicious behaviors and shifting usage patterns dynamically reshape feature distributions. Although…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yi Xie , Ziyuan Yang , Yongqiang Huang , Yinyu Chen , Lei Zhang , Liang Liu , Yi Zhang

The widespread adoption of Android devices for sensitive operations like banking and communication has made them prime targets for cyber threats, particularly Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) and sophisticated malware attacks. Traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Dincy R Arikkat , Vinod P. , Rafidha Rehiman K. A. , Serena Nicolazzo , Marco Arazzi , Antonino Nocera , Mauro Conti

The Android operating system is pervasively adopted as the operating system platform of choice for smart devices. However, the strong adoption has also resulted in exponential growth in the number of Android based malicious software or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Aye Thaw Da Naing , Justin Soh Beng Guan , Yarzar Shwe Win , Jonathan Pan

In this paper, we present a scientific evaluation of four prominent malware detection tools to assist an organization with two primary questions: To what extent do ML-based tools accurately classify previously- and never-before-seen files?…

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) in domains such as smart cities, transportation, and industrial systems has heightened the urgency of addressing their security vulnerabilities. IoT devices often operate under limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jake Lyon , Ehsan Saeedizade , Shamik Sengupta