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Galaxies with Milky Way-like stellar masses have a wide range of bulge and black hole masses; in turn, these correlate with other properties such as star formation history. While many processes may drive bulge formation, major and minor…

We use the Illustris simulation to study the relative contributions of in situ star formation and stellar accretion to the build-up of galaxies over an unprecedentedly wide range of masses ($M_{\ast} = 10^9-10^{12} \, {\rm M_{\odot}}$),…

Dynamical models are used to study dark matter (DM) in galaxies, how galaxies assemble through mergers, and to test galaxy formation models. Despite its widespread use, there has been no systematic study quantifying how much information can…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-14 Paula Gherghinescu , Eugene Vasiliev , Payel Das , Justin Read

The metallicity structure of stellar halos encodes the fossil record of galaxy assembly, tracing the chemical evolution and dynamical imprint of past mergers. Using five Milky Way-mass halos from the Aquarius simulations, we introduce an…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-01 Amit Mondal , Biswajit Pandey

We construct a physically motivated model for predicting the properties of the remnants of gaseous galaxy mergers, given the properties of the progenitors and the orbit. The model is calibrated using a large suite of SPH merger simulations.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Covington , A. Dekel , T. J. Cox , P. Jonsson , J. R. Primack

Several lines of evidence suggest the Milky Way underwent a major merger at z~2 with a galaxy known as Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE). Here we use H3 Survey data to argue that GSE entered the Galaxy on a retrograde orbit based on a population…

We present an end-to-end description of the formation process of globular clusters (GCs) which combines a treatment for their formation and dynamical evolution within galaxy haloes with a state-of-the-art semi-analytic simulation of galaxy…

The majority of the Milky Way's stellar halo consists of debris from our Galaxy's last major merger, the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE). In the past few years, stars from GSE have been kinematically and chemically studied in the inner $30$…

The powerful combination of Gaia with other Milky Way large survey data has ushered in a deeper understanding of the assembly history of our Galaxy, which is marked by the accretion of Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage (GES). As a step towards…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-25 Andreia Carrillo , Alis J. Deason , Azadeh Fattahi , Robert J. J. Grand , Francesca Fragkoudi

Galaxies form due to the continuous accretion of gaseous material towards the centre of dark matter haloes, which gives rise to stellar discs once the gas reaches high density. Analysis of stellar age distribution shows that stars in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-01 Federico G. Iza , Sebastián E. Nuza , Cecilia Scannapieco , Luis Biaus , Ezequiel Lozano

Galaxies are surrounded by sizeable gas reservoirs which host a significant amount of metals: the circum-galactic medium (CGM). The CGM acts as a mediator between the galaxy and the extra-galactic medium. However, our understanding of how…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-22 Maan H. Hani , Martin Sparre , Sara L. Ellison , Paul Torrey , Mark Vogelsberger

We use numerical simulations to examine the structure of merger remnants resulting from collisions of gas-rich spiral galaxies. When the gas fraction of the progenitors is small, the remnants structurally and kinematically resemble…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Volker Springel , Lars Hernquist

We introduce a multi-component chemo-dynamical method for splitting the Galactic population of Globular Clusters (GCs) into three distinct constituents: bulge, disc, and stellar halo. The latter is further decomposed into the individual…

We investigate the physical properties of the progenitors of today living Milky Way-like galaxies that are visible as Damped Lya Absorption systems and Lya Emitters at higher redshifts (z ~ 2.3,5.7). To this aim we use a statistical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-04-10 Stefania Salvadori , Andrea Ferrara

The stellar halo of the Milky Way records the history of its interactions with dwarf galaxies, whose subsequent destruction results in the formation of an extended stellar component. Recent works have suggested that galaxies with masses…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-10 Sownak Bose , Alis J. Deason

We present a suite of high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations to $z=4$ of a $10^{12}\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$ halo at $z=0$, obtained using seven contemporary astrophysical simulation codes widely used in the numerical galaxy formation…

We use simulations of merging galaxies to explore the sensitivity of the morphology of tidal tails to variations of the halo mass distributions in the parent galaxies. Our goal is to constrain the mass of dark halos in well-known merging…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 John Dubinski , J. Christopher Mihos , Lars Hernquist

The advent of Gaia's 2nd data release in combination with large spectroscopic surveys are revolutionizing our understanding of the Galaxy. Thanks to these and the knowledge accumulated thus far, a more mature picture of the evolution of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-18 Amina Helmi

The main goal of Galactic Archaeology is understanding the formation and evolution of the basic Galactic components. This requires sophisticated chemo-dynamical modeling, where disc asymmetries (e.g., perturbations from the central bar,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-19 I. Minchev , C. Chiappini , M. Martig

The aim of Galactic Archaeology is to recover the evolutionary history of the Milky Way from its present day kinematical and chemical state. Because stars move away from their birth sites, the current dynamical information alone is not…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-07 I. Minchev
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