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Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in tasks requiring a fine-grained understanding of literal meaning in images and text, such as visual question-answering or visual entailment. However, there has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Arkadiy Saakyan , Shreyas Kulkarni , Tuhin Chakrabarty , Smaranda Muresan

Image captioning involves generating textual descriptions from input images, bridging the gap between computer vision and natural language processing. Recent advancements in transformer-based models have significantly improved caption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Israa A. Albadarneh , Bassam H. Hammo , Omar S. Al-Kadi

In this study, we focus on the automatic evaluation of long and detailed image captions generated by multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Most existing automatic evaluation metrics for image captioning are primarily designed for short…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Kazuki Matsuda , Yuiga Wada , Shinnosuke Hirano , Seitaro Otsuki , Komei Sugiura

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have recently achieved remarkable progress, exhibiting impressive multimodal perception and reasoning abilities. However, effectively evaluating these large VLMs remains a major challenge, hindering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yuan Liu , Haodong Duan , Yuanhan Zhang , Bo Li , Songyang Zhang , Wangbo Zhao , Yike Yuan , Jiaqi Wang , Conghui He , Ziwei Liu , Kai Chen , Dahua Lin

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable achievements, yet the generation of non-factual responses remains prevalent in fact-seeking question answering (QA). Current multimodal fact-seeking benchmarks primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yanling Wang , Yihan Zhao , Xiaodong Chen , Shasha Guo , Lixin Liu , Haoyang Li , Yong Xiao , Jing Zhang , Qi Li , Ke Xu

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have significantly improved multimodal reasoning tasks, such as visual question answering and image captioning. These models embed multimodal facts within their parameters, rather than relying on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shengkang Wang , Hongzhan Lin , Ziyang Luo , Zhen Ye , Guang Chen , Jing Ma

Humans can imagine and manipulate visual images mentally, a capability known as spatial visualization. While many multi-modal benchmarks assess reasoning on visible visual information, the ability to infer unseen relationships through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Siting Wang , Minnan Pei , Luoyang Sun , Cheng Deng , Yuchen Li , Kun Shao , Zheng Tian , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in perception and interpretation tasks, but their capabilities in predictive reasoning remain under-explored. To address this gap, we introduce a novel benchmark that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Mingwei Zhu , Leigang Sha , Yu Shu , Kangjia Zhao , Tiancheng Zhao , Jianwei Yin

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive progress on vision language benchmarks, yet their capacity for visual cognitive and visuospatial reasoning remains less understood. We introduce "Mind's Eye", a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Rohit Sinha , Aditya Kanade , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Vineeth N Balasubramanian , Tanuja Ganu

Multimodal Large Language models (MLLMs) have shown promise in web-related tasks, but evaluating their performance in the web domain remains a challenge due to the lack of comprehensive benchmarks. Existing benchmarks are either designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Junpeng Liu , Yifan Song , Bill Yuchen Lin , Wai Lam , Graham Neubig , Yuanzhi Li , Xiang Yue

The rapid evolution of Multi-modality Large Language Models (MLLMs) has catalyzed a shift in computer vision from specialized models to general-purpose foundation models. Nevertheless, there is still an inadequacy in assessing the abilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Haoning Wu , Zicheng Zhang , Erli Zhang , Chaofeng Chen , Liang Liao , Annan Wang , Chunyi Li , Wenxiu Sun , Qiong Yan , Guangtao Zhai , Weisi Lin

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has spurred growing interest in Multi-modal LLMs (MLLMs) and motivated the development of benchmarks to evaluate their perceptual and comprehension abilities. Existing benchmarks, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Purui Bai , Tao Wu , Jiayang Sun , Xinyue Liu , Huaibo Huang , Ran He

Scoring the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) capabilities of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has witnessed growing interest. Existing benchmarks have highlighted the impressive performance of LMMs in text recognition; however, their…

Visual Language Models (VLMs) show remarkable performance in visual reasoning tasks, successfully tackling college-level challenges that require high-level understanding of images. However, some recent reports of VLMs struggling to reason…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Gene Tangtartharakul , Katherine R. Storrs

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant advances in visual understanding tasks. However, their capacity to comprehend human-centric scenes has rarely been explored, primarily due to the absence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yuansen Liu , Haiming Tang , Jinlong Peng , Jiangning Zhang , Xiaozhong Ji , Qingdong He , Wenbin Wu , Donghao Luo , Zhenye Gan , Junwei Zhu , Yunhang Shen , Chaoyou Fu , Chengjie Wang , Xiaobin Hu , Shuicheng Yan

This paper presents novel benchmarks for evaluating vision-language models (VLMs) in zero-shot recognition, focusing on granularity and specificity. Although VLMs excel in tasks like image captioning, they face challenges in open-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Zhenlin Xu , Yi Zhu , Tiffany Deng , Abhay Mittal , Yanbei Chen , Manchen Wang , Paolo Favaro , Joseph Tighe , Davide Modolo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can process text presented as images, yet they often perform worse than when the same content is provided as textual tokens. We systematically diagnose this "modality gap" by evaluating seven MLLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kaiser Sun , Xiaochuang Yuan , Hongjun Liu , Chen Zhao , Cheng Zhang , Mark Dredze , Fan Bai

As multimodal large language models (MLLMs) frequently exhibit errors in complex video reasoning scenarios, correcting these errors is critical for uncovering their weaknesses and improving performance. However, existing benchmarks lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Xusen Hei , Jiali Chen , Jinyu Yang , Mengchen Zhao , Yi Cai

The evaluation of machine-generated image captions poses an interesting yet persistent challenge. Effective evaluation measures must consider numerous dimensions of similarity, including semantic relevance, visual structure, object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 David Chan , Suzanne Petryk , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Trevor Darrell , John Canny

Universal video understanding requires modeling fine-grained visual and audio information over time in diverse real-world scenarios. However, the performance of existing models is primarily constrained by video-instruction data that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yunheng Li , Hengrui Zhang , Meng-Hao Guo , Wenzhao Gao , Shaoyong Jia , Shaohui Jiao , Qibin Hou , Ming-Ming Cheng