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The debate about the concept of the so called right to explanation in AI is the subject of a wealth of literature. It has focused, in the legal scholarship, on art. 22 GDPR and, in the technical scholarship, on techniques that help explain…
The explainability of AI has transformed from a purely technical issue to a complex issue closely related to algorithmic governance and algorithmic security. The lack of explainable AI (XAI) brings adverse effects that can cross all…
As systems based on opaque Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to flourish in diverse real-world applications, understanding these black box models has become paramount. In response, Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a field of research…
In the last years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved a notable momentum that may deliver the best of expectations over many application sectors across the field. For this to occur, the entire community stands in front of the barrier…
The European Union's AI Act represents a crucial step towards regulating ethical and responsible AI systems. However, we find an absence of quantifiable fairness metrics and the ambiguity in terminology, particularly the interchangeable use…
The ubiquity of systems using artificial intelligence or "AI" has brought increasing attention to how those systems should be regulated. The choice of how to regulate AI systems will require care. AI systems have the potential to synthesize…
The black-box nature of artificial intelligence (AI) models has been the source of many concerns in their use for critical applications. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rapidly growing research field that aims to create…
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research topic of machine learning aimed at unboxing how AI systems' black-box choices are made. This research field inspects the measures and models involved in decision-making and…
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques are frequently required by users in many AI systems with the goal of understanding complex models, their associated predictions, and gaining trust. While suitable for some specific tasks…
The EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act directs businesses to assess their AI systems to ensure they are developed in a way that is human-centered and trustworthy. The rapid adoption of AI in the industry has outpaced ethical evaluation…
Explainable AI (XAI) seeks to transform black-box algorithmic processes into transparent ones, enhancing trust in AI applications across various sectors such as education. This review aims to examine the various definitions of XAI within…
We are used to the availability of big data generated in nearly all fields of science as a consequence of technological progress. However, the analysis of such data possess vast challenges. One of these relates to the explainability of…
This study discusses the interplay between metrics used to measure the explainability of the AI systems and the proposed EU Artificial Intelligence Act. A standardisation process is ongoing: several entities (e.g. ISO) and scholars are…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an important part of our everyday lives. We use it in self-driving cars and smartphone assistants. People often call it a "black box" because its complex systems, especially deep neural networks, are hard to…
XAI refers to the techniques and methods for building AI applications which assist end users to interpret output and predictions of AI models. Black box AI applications in high-stakes decision-making situations, such as medical domain have…
There has recently been a surge of work in explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI). This research area tackles the important problem that complex machines and algorithms often cannot provide insights into their behavior and thought…
Developing and certifying safe - or so-called trustworthy - AI has become an increasingly salient issue, especially in light of upcoming regulation such as the EU AI Act. In this context, the black-box nature of machine learning models…
The past decade has seen significant progress in artificial intelligence (AI), which has resulted in algorithms being adopted for resolving a variety of problems. However, this success has been met by increasing model complexity and…
There are concerns about the reliability and safety of artificial intelligence (AI) based on sub-symbolic neural networks because its decisions cannot be explained explicitly. This is the black box problem of modern AI. At the same time,…
The growing adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare has raised concerns about the transparency and trustworthiness of AI-driven medical diagnosis systems. Many existing models operate as black boxes, limiting clinicians' ability…