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Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins mediate sequence-specific interactions underlying diverse cellular processes, including the formation of biomolecular condensates. Although IDRs strongly influence condensate compositions,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-10 Zhuang Liu , Beijia Yuan , Mihir Rao , Gautam Reddy , William M. Jacobs

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and multidomain proteins with flexible linkers show a high level of structural heterogeneity and are best described by ensembles consisting of multiple conformations with associated thermodynamic…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-13 F. Emil Thomasen , Kresten Lindorff-Larsen

Biomolecular condensates undergirded by phase separations of proteins and nucleic acids serve crucial biological functions. To gain physical insights into their genetic basis, we study how liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2018-12-03 Suman Das , Alan Amin , Yi-Hsuan Lin , Hue Sun Chan

It is well-known that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) are highly dynamic, which is related to their functionality in various biological processes. However, the characterization of the intricate structures of IDP has been a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Danqi Lang , Le Chen , Jingyuan Li

Conformational properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are governed by a sequence-ensemble relationship. To differentiate the impact of sequence-local versus sequence-nonlocal features of an IDP's charge pattern on its…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-13 Tanmoy Pal , Jonas Wessén , Suman Das , Hue Sun Chan

The paradigm that the primary amino acid sequence prescribes structure and thus function has for a long time been central to the understanding of protein science. Though the theory is supported by the behaviour of most structured proteins,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-12-19 Rickie Xian , Sarah Rauscher

Biomolecular condensates formed through the phase separation of proteins and nucleic acids are widely observed, offering a fundamental means of organizing intracellular materials in a membrane-less fashion. Traditionally, these condensates…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-10-10 Guang Shi , Kenneth S. Schweizer

Many essential cellular processes, including cell division and the establishment of cell polarity during embryogenesis, are regulated by pattern-forming proteins. These proteins often need to bind to a substrate, such as the cell membrane,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-08 Amélie Chardac , Michael M. Norton , Jonathan Touboul , Guillaume Duclos

We report simulation studies of 33 single intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) using coarse-grained (CG) bead-spring models where interactions among different amino acids are introduced through a hydropathy matrix and additional…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-12-07 Swarnadeep Seth , Brandon Stine , Aniket Bhattacharya

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are important for biological functions. In contrast to folded proteins, molecular recognition among certain IDPs is "fuzzy" in that their binding and/or phase separation are stochastically governed…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-08-10 Alan N. Amin , Yi-Hsuan Lin , Suman Das , Hue Sun Chan

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are a subset of proteins that lack stable secondary structure. Given their polymeric nature, previous mean-field approximations have been used to describe the statistical structure of IDPs. However,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Mathar Kravikass , Gil Koren , Omar A. Saleh , Roy Beck

Biomolecular condensates play a crucial role in the spatial organization of living matter. These membrane-less organelles, resulting from liquid-liquid phase separation, operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium, with their size and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-05-12 Jacques Fries , Roxanne Berthin , Marie Jardat , Pierre Illien , Vincent Dahirel

Understanding and predicting the phase behavior of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is of significant interest due to their role in many biological processes. However, effectively characterizing phase behavior and its complex…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-18 Wesley W. Oliver , William M. Jacobs , Michael A. Webb

The formation of biomolecular condensates inside cells often involve intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), and several of these IDPs are also capable of forming droplet-like dense assemblies on their own, through liquid-liquid phase…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-02-26 Daniel Nilsson , Anders Irbäck

Biomolecular condensates are essential for cellular organization and result from phase separation in systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Among various models, chemically active droplets play a significant role, consisting of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-05-19 Jacques Fries , Roxanne Berthin , Chengjie Luo , Marie Jardat , David Zwicker , Vincent Dahirel , Pierre Illien

Mapping between sequence and structure is currently an open problem in structural biology. Despite many experimental and computational efforts it is not clear yet how the structure is encoded in the sequence. Answering this question may…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2013-10-08 Iddo Friedberg

Biomolecular condensates help organize the cell cytoplasm and nucleoplasm into spatial compartments with different chemical compositions. A key feature of such compositional patterning is the local enrichment of enzymatically active…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Andriy Goychuk , Leonardo Demarchi , Ivan Maryshev , Erwin Frey

Intrinsically disordered proteins are fascinating the community of protein science since the last decade, at least. There is a well-established line of research that intends to reveal the crucial role played by intrinsically disordered…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2014-10-17 Antonio Deiana , Andrea Giansanti

Non-native conformations drive protein misfolding diseases, complicate bioengineering efforts, and fuel molecular evolution. No current experimental technique is well-suited for elucidating them and their phenotypic effects. Especially…

The interaction of phase-separating systems with chemical reactions is of great interest in various contexts, from biology to material science. In biology, phase separation is thought to be the driving force behind the formation of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-08 Franco Blanchini , Elisa Franco , Giulia Giordano , Dino Osmanovic