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Large Language Model (LLM) agents trained with reinforcement learning (RL) show great promise for solving complex, multi-step tasks. However, their performance is often crippled by "Context Explosion", where the accumulation of long text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xuanzhang Liu , Jianglun Feng , Zhuoran Zhuang , Junzhe Zhao , Maofei Que , Jieting Li , Dianlei Wang , Hao Tong , Ye Chen , Pan Li

Large Language Model-based systems (LLM systems) are information and query processing systems that use LLMs to plan operations from natural-language prompts and feed the output of each successive step into the LLM to plan the next. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Fangzhou Wu , Ethan Cecchetti , Chaowei Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) exhibit remarkable problem-solving and task planning capabilities across diverse domains due to their specialized agentic roles and collaborative interactions. However, this also…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yifan Zhu , Chao Zhang , Xin Shi , Xueqiao Zhang , Yi Yang , Yawei Luo

Large Language Model (LLM) agents remain vulnerable to safety threats from the external environment, where attackers inject adversarial content into external observations such as tool-returned data, webpages, or MCP context, causing harmful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yongxiang Li , Moxin Li , Zhixin Ma , Fengbin Zhu , Dongrui Liu , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng

The misuse of large language models (LLMs), such as academic plagiarism, has driven the development of detectors to identify LLM-generated texts. To bypass these detectors, paraphrase attacks have emerged to purposely rewrite these texts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Hao Fang , Jiawei Kong , Tianqu Zhuang , Yixiang Qiu , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced critical security challenges, where adversarial actors can manipulate input prompts to cause significant harm and circumvent safety alignments. These prompt-based attacks…

The Large Language Models (LLMs) are poised to offer efficient and intelligent services for future mobile communication networks, owing to their exceptional capabilities in language comprehension and generation. However, the extremely high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Haomiao Yang , Kunlan Xiang , Mengyu Ge , Hongwei Li , Rongxing Lu , Shui Yu

Large language models (LLMs) excel in various tasks but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversaries manipulate prompts to generate harmful outputs. Examining jailbreak prompts helps uncover the shortcomings of LLMs. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Weixiong Zheng , Peijian Zeng , Yiwei Li , Hongyan Wu , Nankai Lin , Junhao Chen , Aimin Yang , Yongmei Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) are typically aligned to be harmless to humans. Unfortunately, recent work has shown that such models are susceptible to automated jailbreak attacks that induce them to generate harmful content. More recent LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Neal Mangaokar , Ashish Hooda , Jihye Choi , Shreyas Chandrashekaran , Kassem Fawaz , Somesh Jha , Atul Prakash

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass their safety mechanisms. Existing attack methods are fixed or specifically tailored for certain models and cannot flexibly adjust attack strength, which is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yiting Dong , Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Xiang He , Yi Zeng

The open-endedness of large language models (LLMs) combined with their impressive capabilities may lead to new safety issues when being exploited for malicious use. While recent studies primarily focus on probing toxic outputs that can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Jiaxin Wen , Pei Ke , Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Chengfei Li , Jinfeng Bai , Minlie Huang

Autonomous LLM agents operate as long-running processes with persistent workspaces, memory files, scheduled task state, and messaging integrations. These features create a new propagation risk: attacker-influenced content can be written…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mingming Zha , Xiaofeng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into safety-critical workflows, yet existing security analyses remain fragmented and often isolate model behavior from the broader system context. This work introduces a goal-driven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Neha Nagaraja , Hayretdin Bahsi

LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving complex tasks. Central to MAS is the communication topology which governs how agents exchange information internally. Consequently, the security of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yongxuan Wu , Xixun Lin , He Zhang , Nan Sun , Kun Wang , Chuan Zhou , Shirui Pan , Yanan Cao

Recursive or looped language models have recently emerged as a new scaling axis by iteratively refining the same model computation over latent states to deepen reasoning. We extend such scaling principle from a single model to multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xiyuan Yang , Jiaru Zou , Rui Pan , Ruizhong Qiu , Pan Lu , Shizhe Diao , Jindong Jiang , Hanghang Tong , Tong Zhang , Markus J. Buehler , Jingrui He , James Zou

Multi-agent systems powered by Large Language Models (LLM-MAS) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in collaborative problem-solving. However, their deployment also introduces new security risks. Existing research on LLM-based agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yizhe Xie , Congcong Zhu , Xinyue Zhang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Minghao Wang , Chi Liu

Autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents exhibit significant vulnerability to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI) attacks. These attacks hijack agent behavior by polluting external information sources, exploiting fundamental trade-offs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zhibo Liang , Tianze Hu , Zaiye Chen , Mingjie Tang

Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-based MAS), where multiple LLM agents collaborate to solve complex tasks, have shown impressive performance in many areas. However, MAS are typically distributed across different devices…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhilun Zhou , Zihan Liu , Jiahe Liu , Qingyu Shao , Yihan Wang , Kun Shao , Depeng Jin , Fengli Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success but remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, in which adversarial prompts coerce models into generating harmful, unethical, or policy-violating outputs. Such attacks pose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Feiyue Xu , Hongsheng Hu , Chaoxiang He , Sheng Hang , Hanqing Hu , Xiuming Liu , Yubo Zhao , Zhengyan Zhou , Bin Benjamin Zhu , Shi-Feng Sun , Dawu Gu , Shuo Wang

Language agents are rapidly expanding from single-user assistants to multi-user collaborators in shared workspaces and groups. However, today's language models lack a mechanism for isolating user interactions and concurrent tasks, creating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Atharv Singh Patlan , Peiyao Sheng , S. Ashwin Hebbar , Prateek Mittal , Pramod Viswanath