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Comparative reasoning is a process of comparing objects, concepts, or entities to draw conclusions, which constitutes a fundamental cognitive ability. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to pre-train language models for enhancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Mengxia Yu , Zhihan Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Meng Jiang

The impressive performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) has consistently surpassed numerous human-designed benchmarks, presenting new challenges in assessing the shortcomings of LLMs. Designing tasks and finding LLMs' limitations are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Yulong Chen , Yang Liu , Jianhao Yan , Xuefeng Bai , Ming Zhong , Yinghao Yang , Ziyi Yang , Chenguang Zhu , Yue Zhang

As frontier Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly saturate new benchmarks shortly after they are published, benchmarking itself is at a juncture: if frontier models keep improving, it will become increasingly hard for humans to generate…

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

As we embark on a new era of LLMs, it becomes increasingly crucial to understand their capabilities, limitations, and differences. Toward making further progress in this direction, we strive to build a deeper understanding of the gaps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Meghana Moorthy Bhat , Rui Meng , Ye Liu , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

As Large Language Models (LLMs) advance, their potential for widespread societal impact grows simultaneously. Hence, rigorous LLM evaluations are both a technical necessity and social imperative. While numerous evaluation benchmarks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jaime Raldua Veuthey , Zainab Ali Majid , Suhas Hariharan , Jacob Haimes

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful support tools across various natural language tasks and a range of application domains. Recent studies focus on exploring their capabilities for data annotation. This paper provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Maja Pavlovic , Massimo Poesio

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the realm of mathematical reasoning necessitates comprehensive evaluations to gauge progress and inspire future directions. Existing assessments predominantly focus on problem-solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xiaoyuan Li , Wenjie Wang , Moxin Li , Junrong Guo , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng

The manual assessment and grading of student writing is a time-consuming yet critical task for teachers. Recent developments in generative AI, such as large language models, offer potential solutions to facilitate essay-scoring tasks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kathrin Seßler , Maurice Fürstenberg , Babette Bühler , Enkelejda Kasneci

This study illustrates how incorporating feedback-oriented annotations into the scoring pipeline can enhance the accuracy of automated essay scoring (AES). This approach is demonstrated with the Persuasive Essays for Rating, Selecting, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Christopher Ormerod

Grading exams is an important, labor-intensive, subjective, repetitive, and frequently challenging task. The feasibility of autograding textual responses has greatly increased thanks to the availability of large language models (LLMs) such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Johannes Schneider , Bernd Schenk , Christina Niklaus

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) for question answering (QA) over lengthy contexts is a significant challenge. In industrial settings, this process is often hindered by high computational costs and latency, especially when multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiliang Zhu , Shi Zong , David Rossouw

The unprecedented performance of large language models (LLMs) necessitates improvements in evaluations. Rather than merely exploring the breadth of LLM abilities, we believe meticulous and thoughtful designs are essential to thorough,…

We propose a collaborative framework in which multiple large language models -- including GPT-4-0125-preview, Meta-LLaMA-3-70B-Instruct, Claude-3-Opus, and Gemini-1.5-Flash -- generate and answer complex, PhD-level statistical questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Alireza Amiri-Margavi , Iman Jebellat , Ehsan Jebellat , Seyed Pouyan Mousavi Davoudi

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well on unseen tasks in English, but their abilities in non English languages are less explored due to limited benchmarks and training data. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Indic QA Benchmark, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Abhishek Kumar Singh , Vishwajeet kumar , Rudra Murthy , Jaydeep Sen , Ashish Mittal , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Text summarization plays a crucial role in natural language processing by condensing large volumes of text into concise and coherent summaries. As digital content continues to grow rapidly and the demand for effective information retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Tohida Rehman , Soumabha Ghosh , Kuntal Das , Souvik Bhattacharjee , Debarshi Kumar Sanyal , Samiran Chattopadhyay

We present CAM (comparative argumentative machine), a novel open-domain IR system to argumentatively compare objects with respect to information extracted from the Common Crawl. In a user study, the participants obtained 15% more accurate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Matthias Schildwächter , Alexander Bondarenko , Julian Zenker , Matthias Hagen , Chris Biemann , Alexander Panchenko

In this work, we address the challenge of multilingual category relevance judgment in e-commerce search, where traditional ensemble-based systems improve accuracy but at the cost of heavy training, inference, and maintenance complexity. To…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Haotao Xie , Ruilin Chen , Yicheng Wu , Zhan Zhao , Yuanyuan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for educational tasks such as grading, yet their alignment with human evaluation in real classrooms remains underexamined. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Grace Byun , Swati Rajwal , Jinho D. Choi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in question answering (QA) tasks. However, Multi-Answer Question Answering (MAQA), where a question may have several valid answers, remains challenging. Traditional QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Eviatar Nachshoni , Arie Cattan , Shmuel Amar , Ori Shapira , Ido Dagan