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We report evidence from the 3B Catalogue that short (T_90 < 10 s) and long (T_90 > 10 s) GRB represent different populations and processes: Their spectral behavior is qualitatively different, with short bursts harder in the BATSE range, but…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 J. I. Katz , L. M. Canel

Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are classified into long and short categories based on their durations. Broad band studies suggest that these two categories of objects roughly correspond to two different classes of progenitor systems, i.e. compact…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-11-15 Ye Li , Bing Zhang , Hou-Jun Lü

It is now accepted that long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced during the collapse of a massive star. The standard "collapsar" model predicts that a broad-lined and luminous Type Ic core-collapse supernova (SN) accompanies every…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are short and intense bursts of $\sim$100 keV$-$1MeV photons, usually followed by long-lasting decaying afterglow emission in a wide range of electromagnetic wavelengths from radio to X-ray and, sometimes, even to GeV…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-05 Yun-Wei Yu , He Gao , Fa-Yin Wang , Bin-Bin Zhang

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are violent explosions, coming from cosmological distances. They are detected in gamma-rays (also X-rays, UV, optical, radio) almost every day, and have typical durations of a few seconds to a few minutes. Some GRBs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-10 Antonios Nathanail , Ioannis Contopoulos

Context. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have traditionally been classified by duration into long (LGRBs) and short (SGRBs), with the former believed to originate from massive star collapses and the latter from compact binary mergers. However,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-15 R. Maccary , C. Guidorzi , A. E. Camisasca , M. Maistrello , S. Kobayashi , L. Amati , L. Bazzanini , M. Bulla , L. Ferro , F. Frontera , A. Tsvetkova

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) fall into two classes: short-hard and long-soft bursts. The latter are now known to have X-ray and optical afterglows, to occur at cosmological distances in star-forming galaxies, and to be associated with the…

Gamma Ray Burst (GRBs) are empirically classified as long-duration GRBs (LGRBs, $>$ 2s) and short-duration GRBs (SGRBs, $<$ 2s). Physically they can be grouped into two distinct progenitor categories: those originating from collapse of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-22 Ye Li , Bing Zhang , Qiang Yuan

The characteristics of the Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) environment may reflect the differences in GRB progenitors: long GRBs are expected to be found in high-density star-forming regions of the GRB host galaxies, while short ones may be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-07-24 Dounia Saez , Diego Götz

The empirical classification of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) into long and short GRBs based on their durations is already firmly established. This empirical classification is generally linked to the physical classification of GRBs originating…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-17 Jia-Wei Luo , Fei-Fei Wang , Jia-Ming Zhu-Ge , Ye Li , Yuan-Chuan Zou , Bing Zhang

We have carried out a detailed study of the morphology of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with time duration less than 100 ms that includes: (1) a fast-Fourier spectrum analysis, (2) a comparison with the Stern analysis of longer bursts, (3) an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 David B. Cline , Christina Matthey , Stanislaw Otwinowski

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of high-energy radiation arising from energetic cosmic explosions. Bursts of long (>2 s) duration are produced by the core-collapse of massive stars, those of short (< 2 s) duration by the merger of two…

There is increasingly strong evidence that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are associated with star-forming galaxies, and occur near or in the star-forming regions of these galaxies. These associations provide indirect evidence that at least the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Donald Q. Lamb , Daniel E. Reichart

Popular models for the origin of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) include short-lived massive stars as the progenitors of the fireballs. Hence the redshift distribution of GRBs should track the cosmic star formation rate of massive stars accurately.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Andrew W. Blain , Priyamvada Natarajan

Ever since the insightful analysis of the durations of GRBs by [Kouveliotou:93], GRBs have most often been classified into two populations: "short bursts" (shorter than 2.0 seconds) and "long bursts" (longer than 2.0 seconds). However,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-10 Hannachi Zitouni , Nidhal Guessoum , Khalid Madjid ALQassimi , Omar Alaryani

The probability of observing "supernova - gamma-ray burst" (GRB) pair events and recurrent GRBs from one galaxy in a time interval of several years has been estimated. Supernova explosions in binary systems accompanied by the formation of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-02-22 V. I. Dokuchaev , Yu. N. Eroshenko

It is well-known that there are two types of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs): short/hard and long/soft ones, respectively. The long GRBs are coupled to supernovae, but the short ones are associated with the so called macronovae (also known as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-06 Levente Borvák , Attila Mészáros , Jakub Řípa

It is generally believed that long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are associated with massive star core-collapse, whereas short-duration GRBs are associated with mergers of compact star binaries. However, growing observations have…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-09 Jun Yang , Shunke Ai , Bin-Bin Zhang , Bing Zhang , Zi-Ke Liu , Xiangyu Ivy Wang , Yu-Han Yang , Yi-Han Yin , Ye Li , Hou-Jun Lü

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) come in two types, short and long. The distribution of logarithmic durations of long GRBs is asymmetric rather than Gaussian. Such an asymmetry, when modelled with a mixture of Gaussian distributions, requires an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-11 Mariusz Tarnopolski

Over the past five years evidence has mounted that long-duration (> 2 s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)--the most brilliant of all astronomical explosions--signal the collapse of massive stars in our Universe. This evidence was originally based on…