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Large-scale recommendation systems are pivotal to process an immense volume of daily user interactions, requiring the effective modeling of high cardinality and heterogeneous features to ensure accurate predictions. In prior work, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yue Dong , Han Li , Shen Li , Nikhil Patel , Xing Liu , Xiaodong Wang , Chuanhao Zhuge

Long-context inputs in large language models (LLMs) often suffer from the "lost in the middle" problem, where critical information becomes diluted or ignored due to excessive length. Context compression methods aim to address this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xuancheng Li , Haitao Li , Yujia Zhou , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu

In long-context large language model (LLM) inference, the prefill stage dominates computation due to self-attention over the complete input context. Sparse attention significantly reduces self-attention computation by limiting each token's…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Rakshith Jayanth , Viktor Prasanna

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can theoretically support extensive context windows, their actual deployment is constrained by the linear growth of Key-Value (KV) cache memory. Prevailing compression strategies mitigate this through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Aryan Sood , Tanvi Sharma , Vansh Agrawal

Although transformer architectures have achieved state-of-the-art performance across diverse domains, their quadratic computational complexity with respect to sequence length remains a significant bottleneck, particularly for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zeyu Liu , Souvik Kundu , Lianghao Jiang , Anni Li , Srikanth Ronanki , Sravan Bodapati , Gourav Datta , Peter A. Beerel

Long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) enable powerful applications but incur high memory costs due to the key-value states (KV-Cache). Recent studies attempt to share KV-Cache across layers, but these approaches either require expensive…

Efficient long-context inference is critical as large language models (LLMs) adopt context windows of ranging from 128K to 1M tokens. However, the growing key-value (KV) cache and the high computational complexity of attention create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Guangtao Wang , Shubhangi Upasani , Chen Wu , Darshan Gandhi , Jonathan Li , Changran Hu , Bo Li , Urmish Thakker

This work introduces an efficient method to scale Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) to infinitely long inputs with bounded memory and computation. A key component in our proposed approach is a new attention technique dubbed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Tsendsuren Munkhdalai , Manaal Faruqui , Siddharth Gopal

In Large Language Model (LLM) inference services, it is challenging to make a parallelism strategy configuration, to efficiently process the requests of variance context lengths. Requests of long context require high degree of parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Haoyu Chen , Xue Li , Kun Qian , Yu Guan , Jin Zhao , Xin Wang

KV cache eviction has emerged as an effective solution to alleviate resource constraints faced by LLMs in long-context scenarios. However, existing token-level eviction methods often overlook two critical aspects: (1) their irreversible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yi Zhao , Yajuan Peng , Cam-Tu Nguyen , Zuchao Li , Xiaoliang Wang , Hai Zhao , Xiaoming Fu

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on distributed training strategies, among which pipeline parallelism plays a crucial role. As LLMs' training sequence length extends to 32k or even 128k, the current pipeline…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ao Sun , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Cheng Yang , Xinrong Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Chuan Shi , Maosong Sun

Efficient long-context LLM deployment is stalled by a dichotomy between amortized compression, which struggles with out-of-distribution generalization, and Test-Time Training, which incurs prohibitive synthetic data costs and requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zeju Li , Yizhou Zhou , Qiang Xu

Deploying large language models (LLMs) for online inference is often constrained by limited GPU memory, particularly due to the growing KV cache during auto-regressive decoding. Hybrid GPU-CPU execution has emerged as a promising solution…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jiakun Fan , Yanglin Zhang , Xiangchen Li , Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos

We present a novel non attention based architecture for large language models (LLMs) that efficiently handles very long context windows, on the order of hundreds of thousands to potentially millions of tokens. Unlike traditional Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Andrew Kiruluta , Preethi Raju , Priscilla Burity

We present an approximate attention mechanism named HyperAttention to address the computational challenges posed by the growing complexity of long contexts used in Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent work suggests that in the worst-case…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Insu Han , Rajesh Jayaram , Amin Karbasi , Vahab Mirrokni , David P. Woodruff , Amir Zandieh

Large language models (LLMs) achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they face challenges in managing long documents and extended conversations, due to significantly increased computational requirements, both in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yucheng Li , Bo Dong , Chenghua Lin , Frank Guerin

Scaling inference-time computation has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to achieve strong reasoning performance, but inherently sequential decoding leads to substantial latency, especially on complex tasks. Recent work on adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Long Lian , Sida Wang , Felix Juefei-Xu , Tsu-Jui Fu , Xiuyu Li , Adam Yala , Trevor Darrell , Alane Suhr , Yuandong Tian , Xi Victoria Lin

The increasing size of the Key-Value (KV) cache during the Large Language Models long-context inference is the main obstacle for its balance between the deployment cost and task accuracy. To reduce the KV cache size in such scenarios, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Manlai Liang , JiaMing Zhang , Xiong Li , Jinlong Li

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in streaming applications such as multi-round dialogue, where long interactions are expected, is urgently needed but poses two major challenges. Firstly, during the decoding stage, caching previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Guangxuan Xiao , Yuandong Tian , Beidi Chen , Song Han , Mike Lewis

Transformers suffer from a high computational cost that grows with sequence length for self-attention, making inference in long streams prohibited by memory consumption. Constant-memory alternatives such as RNNs and SSMs compress history…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zhixin Zhang , Shabo Zhang , Chengcan Wu , Zeming Wei , Meng Sun