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Designing socially optimal policies in multi-agent environments is a fundamental challenge in both economics and artificial intelligence. This paper studies a general framework for learning Stackelberg equilibria in dynamic and uncertain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Jun He , Andrew L. Liu , Yihsu Chen

Visual coverage path planning with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) requires agents to strategically coordinate UAV motion and camera control to maximize coverage, minimize redundancy, and maintain battery efficiency. Traditional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Venkat Margapuri

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have led to remarkable achievements in robot locomotion capabilities. However, the complexity and ``black-box'' nature of neural network-based RL policies hinder their interpretability and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Fernando Acero , Zhibin Li

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a trending field of research, showing great promise in challenging problems such as playing Atari, solving Go and controlling robots. While DRL agents perform well in practice we are still lacking the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Nir Baram , Tom Zahavy , Shie Mannor

While current software agents powered by large language models (LLMs) and agentic reinforcement learning (RL) can boost programmer productivity, their training data (e.g., GitHub issues and pull requests) and environments (e.g.,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yuxiang Wei , Zhiqing Sun , Emily McMilin , Jonas Gehring , David Zhang , Gabriel Synnaeve , Daniel Fried , Lingming Zhang , Sida Wang

This paper introduces PG-Rainbow, a novel algorithm that incorporates a distributional reinforcement learning framework with a policy gradient algorithm. Existing policy gradient methods are sample inefficient and rely on the mean of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 WooJae Jeon , KangJun Lee , Jeewoo Lee

Leader-follower general-sum stochastic games (LF-GSSGs) model sequential decision-making under asymmetric commitment, where a leader commits to a policy and a follower best responds, yielding a strong Stackelberg equilibrium (SSE) with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Jilles Steeve Dibangoye , Thibaut Le Marre , Ocan Sankur , François Schwarzentruber

We study reinforcement learning (RL) with no-reward demonstrations, a setting in which an RL agent has access to additional data from the interaction of other agents with the same environment. However, it has no access to the rewards or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Angelos Filos , Clare Lyle , Yarin Gal , Sergey Levine , Natasha Jaques , Gregory Farquhar

Stackelberg equilibrium is a solution concept that describes optimal strategies to commit: Player 1 (the leader) first commits to a strategy that is publicly announced, then Player 2 (the follower) plays a best response to the leader's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Aditya Aradhye , Branislav Bošanský , Michael Hlaváček

Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a powerful framework for decision-making in complex environments. However, implementing RL in hardware-efficient and bio-inspired ways remains a challenge. This paper presents a novel Spiking Neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Sergio F. Chevtchenko , Yeshwanth Bethi , Teresa B. Ludermir , Saeed Afshar

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown immense potential for learning to control systems through data alone. However, one challenge deep RL faces is that the full state of the system is often not observable. When this is the case, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ian Char , Jeff Schneider

Understanding physical phenomena is a key component of human intelligence and enables physical interaction with previously unseen environments. In this paper, we study how an artificial agent can autonomously acquire this intuition through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Wenbin Li , Jeannette Bohg , Mario Fritz

Learning to cooperate in distributed partially observable environments with no communication abilities poses significant challenges for multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL). This paper addresses key concerns in this domain,…

Real-time strategy games have been an important field of game artificial intelligence in recent years. This paper presents a reinforcement learning and curriculum transfer learning method to control multiple units in StarCraft…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Kun Shao , Yuanheng Zhu , Dongbin Zhao

Reinforcement learning for embodied agents is a challenging problem. The accumulated reward to be optimized is often a very rugged function, and gradient methods are impaired by many local optimizers. We demonstrate, in an experimental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-01 Guido Montufar , Keyan Ghazi-Zahedi , Nihat Ay

Stochastic games are a well established model for multi-agent sequential decision making under uncertainty. In practical applications, though, agents often have only partial observability of their environment. Furthermore, agents…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Rui Yan , Gabriel Santos , Gethin Norman , David Parker , Marta Kwiatkowska

Game-theoretic inverse learning is the problem of inferring a player's objectives from their actions. We formulate an inverse learning problem in a Stackelberg game between a leader and a follower, where each player's action is the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-15 William Ward , Yue Yu , Jacob Levy , Negar Mehr , David Fridovich-Keil , Ufuk Topcu

The behavior decision-making subsystem is a key component of the autonomous driving system, which reflects the decision-making ability of the vehicle and the driver, and is an important symbol of the high-level intelligence of the vehicle.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zixiang Wang , Hao Yan , Changsong Wei , Junyu Wang , Minheng Xiao

One of the fundamental challenges in reinforcement learning (RL) is the one of data efficiency: modern algorithms require a very large number of training samples, especially compared to humans, for solving environments with high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Hlynur Davíð Hlynsson , Laurenz Wiskott

This paper considers the challenging tasks of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) under partial observability, where each agent only sees her own individual observations and actions that reveal incomplete information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Qinghua Liu , Csaba Szepesvári , Chi Jin