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In a speech recognition system, voice activity detection (VAD) is a crucial frontend module. Addressing the issues of poor noise robustness in traditional binary VAD systems based on DFSMN, the paper further proposes semantic VAD based on…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Lingyun Zuo , Keyu An , Shiliang Zhang , Zhijie Yan

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly permeate daily lives, there is a growing demand for real-time interactions that mirror human conversations. Traditional turn-based chat systems driven by LLMs prevent users from verbally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Xinrong Zhang , Yingfa Chen , Shengding Hu , Xu Han , Zihang Xu , Yuanwei Xu , Weilin Zhao , Maosong Sun , Zhiyuan Liu

Voice activity detection (VAD) makes a distinction between speech and non-speech and its performance is of crucial importance for speech based services. Recently, deep neural network (DNN)-based VADs have achieved better performance than…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-14 Zhenpeng Zheng , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Jian Luo , Jing Xiao

Accurate multi-turn intent classification is essential for advancing conversational AI systems. However, challenges such as the scarcity of comprehensive datasets and the complexity of contextual dependencies across dialogue turns hinder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Junhua Liu , Yong Keat Tan , Bin Fu , Kwan Hui Lim

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems are experiencing a revolution driven by Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the evaluation methodologies for these systems remain insufficient for their growing sophistication. While traditional automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Emre Can Acikgoz , Carl Guo , Suvodip Dey , Akul Datta , Takyoung Kim , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

The task-oriented spoken dialogue system (SDS) aims to assist a human user in accomplishing a specific task (e.g., hotel booking). The dialogue management is a core part of SDS. There are two main missions in dialogue management: dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Zhi Chen , Lu Chen , Xiaoyuan Liu , Kai Yu

Recent advances in spoken dialogue language models (SDLMs) reflect growing interest in shifting from turn-based to full-duplex systems, where the models continuously perceive user speech streams while generating responses. This simultaneous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Donghang Wu , Haoyang Zhang , Chen Chen , Tianyu Zhang , Fei Tian , Xuerui Yang , Gang Yu , Hexin Liu , Nana Hou , Yuchen Hu , Eng Siong Chng

Instruction-tuned language models increasingly rely on large multi-turn dialogue corpora, but these datasets are often noisy and structurally inconsistent, with topic drift, repetitive chitchat, and mismatched answer formats across turns.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Bo Li , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Full-duplex speech interaction, as the most natural and intuitive mode of human communication, is driving artificial intelligence toward more human-like conversational systems. Traditional cascaded speech processing pipelines suffer from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yadong Li , Guoxin Wu , Haiping Hou , Biye Li

Recent advances in spoken dialogue language models have shifted from turn-based to full-duplex designs, where the model continuously listens to the user while generating responses. However, existing duplex backbones still lack a native…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-21 Haoyang Zhang , Jun Chen , Donghang Wu , Yuxin Li , Yuxin Zhang , Xiangyu Tony Zhang , Che Liu , Qingjian Lin , Yizhou Peng , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng , Chao Yan , Boyong Wu , Yechang Huang , Xuerui Yang , Fei Tian

Overlapping Speech Detection (OSD) aims to identify regions where multiple speakers overlap in a conversation, a critical challenge in multi-party speech processing. This work proposes a speaker-aware progressive OSD model that leverages a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zhaokai Sun , Li Zhang , Qing Wang , Pan Zhou , Lei Xie

Follow-up conversations with virtual assistants (VAs) enable a user to seamlessly interact with a VA without the need to repeatedly invoke it using a keyword (after the first query). Therefore, accurate Device-directed Speech Detection…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-06 Ognjen , Rudovic , Pranay Dighe , Yi Su , Vineet Garg , Sameer Dharur , Xiaochuan Niu , Ahmed H. Abdelaziz , Saurabh Adya , Ahmed Tewfik

Task-oriented dialogue (ToD) systems are designed to help users achieve specific goals through natural language interaction. While recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved linguistic fluency and contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Shutong Feng , Hsien-chin Lin , Nurul Lubis , Carel van Niekerk , Michael Heck , Benjamin Ruppik , Renato Vukovic , Milica Gašić

Despite recent advances, efficient and robust turn-taking detection remains a significant challenge in industrial-grade Voice AI agent deployments. Many existing systems rely solely on acoustic or semantic cues, leading to suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Guangzhao Yang , Yu Pan , Shi Qiu , Ningjie Bai

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities to create natural language interfaces for Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs), moving beyond rigid inputs. This paper addresses the challenge of mapping the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Marvin Seegert , Korbinian Moller , Johannes Betz

We present DIALIGHT, a toolkit for developing and evaluating multilingual Task-Oriented Dialogue (ToD) systems which facilitates systematic evaluations and comparisons between ToD systems using fine-tuning of Pretrained Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Songbo Hu , Xiaobin Wang , Zhangdie Yuan , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

In this work, we present and evaluate SELMA, a Speech-Enabled Language Model for virtual Assistant interactions that integrates audio and text as inputs to a Large Language Model (LLM). SELMA is designed to handle three primary and two…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Dominik Wagner , Alexander Churchill , Siddharth Sigtia , Erik Marchi

Full-duplex voice interaction is crucial for natural human computer interaction. We present a framework that decomposes complex dialogue into minimal conversational units, enabling the system to process each unit independently and predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Haoyuan Yu , Yuxuan Chen , Minjie Cai

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems facilitate users in executing various activities via multi-turn dialogues, but Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to comprehend these intricate contexts. In this study, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Haoyu Gao , Ting-En Lin , Hangyu Li , Min Yang , Yuchuan Wu , Wentao Ma , Yongbin Li

Full-duplex spoken dialogue systems (FDSDS) enable more natural human-machine interactions by allowing real-time user interruptions and backchanneling, compared to traditional SDS that rely on turn-taking. However, existing benchmarks lack…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-28 Yizhou Peng , Yi-Wen Chao , Dianwen Ng , Yukun Ma , Chongjia Ni , Bin Ma , Eng Siong Chng