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Transformer-based malware detection systems operating on graph modalities such as control flow graphs (CFGs) achieve strong performance by modeling structural relationships in program behavior. However, their robustness to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Andrew Wheeler , Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta

In this work, we study literature in Explainable AI and Safe AI to understand poisoning of neural models of code. In order to do so, we first establish a novel taxonomy for Trojan AI for code, and present a new aspect-based classification…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Aftab Hussain , Md Rafiqul Islam Rabin , Toufique Ahmed , Navid Ayoobi , Bowen Xu , Prem Devanbu , Mohammad Amin Alipour

Internet of Things connects lots of small constrained devices to the Internet. As in any other environment, communication security is important and cryptographic algorithms are one of many elements that we use in order to keep messages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Jakub Breier , Wei He

As part of the revelations about the NSA activities, the notion of interdiction has become known to the public: the interception of deliveries to manipulate hardware in a way that backdoors are introduced. Manipulations can occur on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Pawel Swierczynski , Marc Fyrbiak , Philipp Koppe , Amir Moradi , Christof Paar

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components are often preferred over custom Integrated Circuits (ICs) to achieve reduced system development time and cost, easy adoption of new technologies, and replaceability. Unfortunately, the integration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Tanvir Hossain , Matthew Showers , Mahmudul Hasan , Tamzidul Hoque

Artificial Intelligence (AI) relies heavily on deep learning - a technology that is becoming increasingly popular in real-life applications of AI, even in the safety-critical and high-risk domains. However, it is recently discovered that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Jie Wang , Ghulam Mubashar Hassan , Naveed Akhtar

We target the problem of detecting Trojans or backdoors in DNNs. Such models behave normally with typical inputs but produce specific incorrect predictions for inputs poisoned with a Trojan trigger. Our approach is based on a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Karan Sikka , Indranil Sur , Susmit Jha , Anirban Roy , Ajay Divakaran

When the training data are maliciously tampered, the predictions of the acquired deep neural network (DNN) can be manipulated by an adversary known as the Trojan attack (or poisoning backdoor attack). The lack of robustness of DNNs against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Ren Wang , Gaoyuan Zhang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Jinjun Xiong , Meng Wang

The enormous amount of code required to design modern hardware implementations often leads to critical vulnerabilities being overlooked. Especially vulnerabilities that compromise the confidentiality of sensitive data, such as cryptographic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Lennart M. Reimann , Luca Hanel , Dominik Sisejkovic , Farhad Merchant , Rainer Leupers

Fine-tuning is now the primary method for adapting large neural networks, but it also introduces new integrity risks. An untrusted party can insert backdoors, change safety behavior, or overwrite large parts of a model while claiming only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhenhang Shang , Kani Chen

While hardware generators have drastically improved design productivity, they have introduced new challenges for the task of verification. To effectively cover the functionality of a sophisticated generator, verification engineers require…

Fault-tolerant routing (FTR) in Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) has become a common practice to sustain the performance of multi-core systems with an increasing number of faults on a chip. On the other hand, usage of third-party intellectual…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-08-02 N Prasad , Navonil Chatterjee , Santanu Chattopadhyay , Indrajit Chakrabarti

Hardware reliability is adversely affected by the downscaling of semiconductor devices and the scale-out of systems necessitated by modern applications. Apart from crashes, this unreliability often manifests as silent data corruptions…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Vassilis Vassiliadis , Konstantinos Parasyris , Christos D. Antonopoulos , Spyros Lalis , Nikolaos Bellas

We present a new type of attack in which source code is maliciously encoded so that it appears different to a compiler and to the human eye. This attack exploits subtleties in text-encoding standards such as Unicode to produce source code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Nicholas Boucher , Ross Anderson

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence namely in Deep Learning has heightened its adoption in many applications. Some are playing important roles to the extent that we are heavily dependent on them for our livelihood. However, as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Jonathan Pan

The machine learning approach is vital in Internet of Things (IoT) malware traffic detection due to its ability to keep pace with the ever-evolving nature of malware. Machine learning algorithms can quickly and accurately analyze the vast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Ethan Weitkamp , Yusuke Satani , Adam Omundsen , Jingwen Wang , Peilong Li

Analog and mixed-signal (A/MS) integrated circuits (ICs) are crucial in modern electronics, playing key roles in signal processing, amplification, sensing, and power management. Many IC companies outsource manufacturing to third-party…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Jayeeta Chaudhuri , Dhruv Thapar , Arjun Chaudhuri , Farshad Firouzi , Krishnendu Chakrabarty

Explainable AI (XAI) and interpretable machine learning methods help to build trust in model predictions and derived insights, yet also present a perverse incentive for analysts to manipulate XAI metrics to support pre-specified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Rahul Sharma , Sergey Redyuk , Sumantrak Mukherjee , Andrea Šipka , Eyke Hüllermeier , Sebastian Vollmer , David Selby

Traditional learning-based approaches for run-time Hardware Trojan detection require complex and expensive on-chip data acquisition frameworks and thus incur high area and power overhead. To address these challenges, we propose to leverage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Faiq Khalid , Syed Rafay Hasan , Sara Zia , Osman Hasan , Falah Awwad , Muhammad Shafique

Fake websites have emerged as a major source of online fraud, accounting for billions of dollars of loss by Internet users. We explore the process by which salient design elements could increase the use of protective tools, thus reducing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-09-30 F. Mariam Zahedi , Ahmed Abbasi , Yan Chen