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We present SleepLM, a family of sleep-language foundation models that enable human sleep alignment, interpretation, and interaction with natural language. Despite the critical role of sleep, learning-based sleep analysis systems operate in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zongzhe Xu , Zitao Shuai , Eideen Mozaffari , Ravi S. Aysola , Rajesh Kumar , Yuzhe Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely used for various tasks and applications. However, LLMs and fine-tuning are limited to the pre-trained data. For example, ChatGPT's world knowledge until 2021 can be outdated or inaccurate. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ahsan Bilal , Beiyu Lin

Personalized digital health support requires long-horizon, cross-dimensional reasoning over heterogeneous lifestyle signals, and recent advances in mobile sensing and large language models (LLMs) make such support increasingly feasible.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ye Tian , Zihao Wang , Onat Gungor , Xiaoran Fan , Tajana Rosing

Creating personalized and actionable exercise plans often requires iteration with experts, which can be costly and inaccessible to many individuals. This work explores the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Donghoon Shin , Gary Hsieh , Young-Ho Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various information-seeking and reasoning tasks. These computational systems drive state-of-the-art dialogue systems, such as ChatGPT and Bard. They also carry…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Siyuan Brandon Loh , Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar

Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great promise in revolutionizing the field of digital health by improving disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. This paper describes the Health Guardian platform, a non-commercial, scientific…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-04 Vince S. Siu , Kuan Yu Hsieh , Italo Buleje , Takashi Itoh , Tian Hao , Ben Civjan , Nigel Hinds , Bing Dang , Jeffrey L. Rogers , Bo Wen

The ubiquity of smartphones has led to an increase in on demand healthcare being supplied. For example, people can share their illness-related experiences with others similar to themselves, and healthcare experts can offer advice for better…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Samuel Rhys Cox

While large language models (LLMs) excel at open-ended dialogue, effective psychotherapy requires structured progression and adherence to clinical protocols, making the design of psychotherapist chatbots challenging. We investigate how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sina Elahimanesh , Mohammadali Mohammadkhani , Sara Zahedi Movahed , Mohammad Mahdi Abootorabi , Shayan Salehi , Abbas Edalat

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing healthcare by improving diagnosis, patient care, and decision support through interactive communication. More recently, they have been applied to analyzing physiological time-series like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Mohammad Feli , Iman Azimi , Pasi Liljeberg , Amir M. Rahmani

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered tutoring chatbots, showing promise in providing broad access to high-quality personalized education. Existing works have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Alexander Scarlatos , Ryan S. Baker , Andrew Lan

In this work, we propose a novel framework that integrates large language models (LLMs) with an RL-based dialogue manager for open-ended dialogue with a specific goal. By leveraging hierarchical reinforcement learning to model the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Lucie Galland , Catherine Pelachaud , Florian Pecune

Mental health conversational agents have the potential to deliver valuable therapeutic impact, but low user engagement remains a critical barrier hindering their efficacy. Existing therapeutic approaches have leveraged clients' internal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Mehrnoosh Sadat Shirvani , Jackie Liu , Thomas Chao , Suky Martinez , Laura Brandt , Ig-Jae Kim , Dongwook Yoon

Improving human health and well-being requires an accurate and effective understanding of an individual's physical and mental state throughout daily life. To support this goal, we utilized smartphones, smartwatches, and sleep sensors to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Se Won Oh , Hyuntae Jeong , Seungeun Chung , Jeong Mook Lim , Kyoung Ju Noh , Sunkyung Lee , Gyuwon Jung

Much research on LLMs has focused on increasing benchmark performance. However, the evaluation of such models in real-world collaborative human-AI workflows has stayed behind. This work evaluates a chatbot-style assistant based on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Lennard C. Froma , Tom Kouwenhoven , Maaike H. T. de Boer , Catholijn M. Jonker , Max J. van Duijn

People living with dementia (PLwD) often show gradual shifts in how they communicate, becoming less expressive, more repetitive, or drifting off-topic in subtle ways. While caregivers may notice these changes informally, most computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Joy Lai , Alex Mihailidis

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) make them increasingly compelling for adoption in real-world healthcare applications. However, the risks associated with using LLMs in medical applications have not been…

With a major focus on its history, difficulties, and promise, this research paper provides a thorough analysis of the chatbot technology environment as it exists today. It provides a very flexible chatbot system that makes use of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Shivom Aggarwal , Shourya Mehra , Pritha Mitra

Personalized chatbot-based teaching assistants can be crucial in addressing increasing classroom sizes, especially where direct teacher presence is limited. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue, with increasing research…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Harsh Kumar , Ilya Musabirov , Mohi Reza , Jiakai Shi , Xinyuan Wang , Joseph Jay Williams , Anastasia Kuzminykh , Michael Liut

This paper explores the intersection of technology and sleep pattern comprehension, presenting a cutting-edge two-stage framework that harnesses the power of Large Language Models (LLMs). The primary objective is to deliver precise sleep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yonchanok Khaokaew , Kaixin Ji , Thuc Hanh Nguyen , Hiruni Kegalle , Marwah Alaofi , Hao Xue , Flora D. Salim

We introduce SoftTiger, a clinical large language model (CLaM) designed as a foundation model for healthcare workflows. The narrative and unstructured nature of clinical notes is a major obstacle for healthcare intelligentization. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Ye Chen , Igor Couto , Wei Cai , Cong Fu , Bruno Dorneles