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Reinforcement learning agents in complex game environments often suffer from sparse rewards, training instability, and poor sample efficiency. This paper presents a hybrid training approach that combines offline imitation learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Thomas Ackermann , Moritz Spang , Hamza A. A. Gardi

Reinforcement learning has recently been used to approach well-known NP-hard combinatorial problems in graph theory. Among these problems, Hamiltonian cycle problems are exceptionally difficult to analyze, even when restricted to individual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Kevin Du , Ian Gemp , Yi Wu , Yingying Wu

There has been a recent explosion in the capabilities of game-playing artificial intelligence. Many classes of tasks, from video games to motor control to board games, are now solvable by fairly generic algorithms, based on deep learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Vlad Firoiu , Tina Ju , Josh Tenenbaum

Despite the successes of recent works in quantum reinforcement learning, there are still severe limitations on its applications due to the challenge of encoding large observation spaces into quantum systems. To address this challenge, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-12 Owen Lockwood , Mei Si

Decision-making agents with planning capabilities have achieved huge success in the challenging domain like Chess, Shogi, and Go. In an effort to generalize the planning ability to the more general tasks where the environment dynamics are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Xuxi Yang , Werner Duvaud , Peng Wei

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning which is employed to solve various sequential decision making problems without proper supervision. Due to the recent advancement of deep learning, the newly proposed Deep-RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Dhruv Ramani

Humans can leverage hierarchical structures to split a task into sub-tasks and solve problems efficiently. Both imitation and reinforcement learning or a combination of them with hierarchical structures have been proven to be an efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Yaru Niu , Yijun Gu

We consider a Continual Reinforcement Learning setup, where a learning agent must continuously adapt to new tasks while retaining previously acquired skill sets, with a focus on the challenge of avoiding forgetting past gathered knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Anthony Kobanda , Rémy Portelas , Odalric-Ambrym Maillard , Ludovic Denoyer

Deep reinforcement learning has shown remarkable success in the past few years. Highly complex sequential decision making problems from game playing and robotics have been solved with deep model-free methods. Unfortunately, the sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Aske Plaat , Walter Kosters , Mike Preuss

Safety is a primary concern when applying reinforcement learning to real-world control tasks, especially in the presence of external disturbances. However, existing safe reinforcement learning algorithms rarely account for external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Zeyang Li , Chuxiong Hu , Shengbo Eben Li , Jia Cheng , Yunan Wang

Motivated by the recent success of reinforcement learning in games such as Go and Dota2, we formulate Bell non-local games as a reinforcement learning problem. Such a formulation helps us to explore Bell non-locality in a range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-24 Kishor Bharti , Tobias Haug , Vlatko Vedral , Leong-Chuan Kwek

Counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) is a popular method to deal with decision-making problems of two-player zero-sum games with imperfect information. Unlike existing studies that mostly explore for solving larger scale problems or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Huale Li , Xuan Wang , Fengwei Jia , Yifan Li , Yulin Wu , Jiajia Zhang , Shuhan Qi

Learning Nash equilibrium (NE) in complex zero-sum games with multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) can be extremely computationally expensive. Curriculum learning is an effective way to accelerate learning, but an under-explored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Jiayu Chen , Zelai Xu , Yunfei Li , Chao Yu , Jiaming Song , Huazhong Yang , Fei Fang , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

What is learned by sophisticated neural network agents such as AlphaZero? This question is of both scientific and practical interest. If the representations of strong neural networks bear no resemblance to human concepts, our ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-28 Thomas McGrath , Andrei Kapishnikov , Nenad Tomašev , Adam Pearce , Demis Hassabis , Been Kim , Ulrich Paquet , Vladimir Kramnik

Reinforcement learning has shown much success in games such as chess, backgammon and Go. However, in most of these games, agents have full knowledge of the environment at all times. In this paper, we describe a deep learning model in which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Laura Greige , Peter Chin

Driven by recent successes in two-player, zero-sum game solving and playing, artificial intelligence work on games has increasingly focused on algorithms that produce equilibrium-based strategies. However, this approach has been less…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Reca Sarfati , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Amy Greenwald , Michael Bowling

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a goal-oriented learning solution that has proven to be successful for Neural Architecture Search (NAS) on the CIFAR and ImageNet datasets. However, a limitation of this approach is its high computational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-04 J. Gomez Robles , J. Vanschoren

We study the reinforcement learning problem of complex action control in the Multi-player Online Battle Arena (MOBA) 1v1 games. This problem involves far more complicated state and action spaces than those of traditional 1v1 games, such as…

In this paper, we explore and compare multiple algorithms for solving the complex strategy game of Terra Mystica, hereafter abbreviated as TM. Previous work in the area of super-human game-play using AI has proven effective, with recent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Luis Perez

Learning optimal policies from sparse feedback is a known challenge in reinforcement learning. Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) is a multi-goal reinforcement learning algorithm that comes to solve such tasks. The algorithm treats every…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Binyamin Manela