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AlphaZero-like Monte Carlo Tree Search systems, originally introduced for two-player games, dynamically balance exploration and exploitation using neural network guidance. This combination makes them also suitable for classical search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Alexandros Vazaios , Jannis Brugger , Cedric Derstroff , Kristian Kersting , Mira Mezini

Deep neural networks coupled with fast simulation and improved computation have led to recent successes in the field of reinforcement learning (RL). However, most current RL-based approaches fail to generalize since: (a) the gap between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Lerrel Pinto , James Davidson , Rahul Sukthankar , Abhinav Gupta

There have been extensive studies on learning in zero-sum games, focusing on the analysis of the existence and algorithmic convergence of Nash equilibrium (NE). Existing studies mainly focus on symmetric games where the strategy spaces of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yuheng Li , Panpan Wang , Haipeng Chen

We consider a repeated sequential game between a learner, who plays first, and an opponent who responds to the chosen action. We seek to design strategies for the learner to successfully interact with the opponent. While most previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Ilija Bogunovic , Maryam Kamgarpour , Andreas Krause

The combination of deep reinforcement learning and search at both training and test time is a powerful paradigm that has led to a number of successes in single-agent settings and perfect-information games, best exemplified by AlphaZero.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Noam Brown , Anton Bakhtin , Adam Lerer , Qucheng Gong

Zero-sum games have long guided artificial intelligence research, since they possess both a rich strategy space of best-responses and a clear evaluation metric. What's more, competition is a vital mechanism in many real-world multi-agent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Edward Hughes , Thomas W. Anthony , Tom Eccles , Joel Z. Leibo , David Balduzzi , Yoram Bachrach

The combination of self-play and planning has achieved great successes in sequential games, for instance in Chess and Go. However, adapting algorithms such as AlphaZero to simultaneous games poses a new challenge. In these games, missing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yannik Mahlau , Frederik Schubert , Bodo Rosenhahn

Rex, short for Reverse Hex, is a set coloring game in which players try to avoid connecting terminals of their color. Combinatorial game theory (CGT) is the study of perfect strategy games. Until recently, both Rex and Hex were not examined…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Jeremiah Hockaday

OpenSpiel is a collection of environments and algorithms for research in general reinforcement learning and search/planning in games. OpenSpiel supports n-player (single- and multi- agent) zero-sum, cooperative and general-sum, one-shot and…

Given the recent impact of Deep Reinforcement Learning in training agents to win complex games like StarCraft and DoTA(Defense Of The Ancients) - there has been a surge in research for exploiting learning based techniques for professional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Ahaan Dabholkar , James Z. Hare , Mark Mittrick , John Richardson , Nicholas Waytowich , Priya Narayanan , Saurabh Bagchi

Complex networks are a great tool for simulating the outcomes of different strategies used within the iterated prisoners' dilemma game. However, because the strategies themselves rely on the connection between nodes, then initial network…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-08-30 Louis Zhao , Chen Ye Gan , Minglu Zhao

Deep reinforcement learning repeatedly succeeds in closed, well-defined domains such as games (Chess, Go, StarCraft). The next frontier is real-world scenarios, where setups are numerous and varied. For this, agents need to learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Andreea Deac , Théophane Weber , George Papamakarios

Playing board games is considered a major challenge for both humans and AI researchers. Because some complicated board games are quite hard to learn, humans usually begin with playing on smaller boards and incrementally advance to master…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Shai Ben-Assayag , Ran El-Yaniv

Decision making in modern large-scale and complex systems such as communication networks, smart electricity grids, and cyber-physical systems motivate novel game-theoretic approaches. This paper investigates big strategic (non-cooperative)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Tansu Alpcan , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Christopher Leckie

The desire to make applications and machines more intelligent and the aspiration to enable their operation without human interaction have been driving innovations in neural networks, deep learning, and other machine learning techniques.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Fadi AlMahamid , Katarina Grolinger

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been demonstrated suitable to develop agents that play complex games with human-level performance. However, it is not understood how to effectively use RL to perform cybersecurity tasks. To develop such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Andres Molina-Markham , Cory Miniter , Becky Powell , Ahmad Ridley

Reinforcement Learning is one of the most advanced set of algorithms known to mankind which can compete in games and perform at par or even better than humans. In this paper we study most popular model free reinforcement learning algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Divyanshu Marwah , Sneha Srivastava , Anusha Gupta , Shruti Verma

Learning algorithms are essential for the applications of game theory in a networking environment. In dynamic and decentralized settings where the traffic, topology and channel states may vary over time and the communication between agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-03-15 Quanyan Zhu , Hamidou Tembine , Tamer Basar

In the past few years, AlphaZero's exceptional capability in mastering intricate board games has garnered considerable interest. Initially designed for the game of Go, this revolutionary algorithm merges deep learning techniques with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Wen Liang , Chao Yu , Brian Whiteaker , Inyoung Huh , Hua Shao , Youzhi Liang

Significant progress has been made in AI for games, including board games, MOBA, and RTS games. However, complex agents are typically developed in an embedded manner, directly accessing game state information, unlike human players who rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Tianyang Wu , Lipeng Wan , Yuhang Wang , Qiang Wan , Xuguang Lan