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Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on vast and diverse internet corpora that often include inaccurate or misleading content. Consequently, LLMs can generate misinformation, making robust fact-checking essential. This review…

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable proficiency in generating high-quality text; however, their propensity for producing hallucinations poses a significant challenge for their deployment in security-critical domains. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Kumud Lakara , Ruibo Shi , Fran Silavong

Teaching large language models (LLMs) to be faithful in the provided context is crucial for building reliable information-seeking systems. Therefore, we propose a systematic framework, CANOE, to reduce faithfulness hallucinations of LLMs…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted as the cognitive core of embodied agents. However, inherited hallucinations, which stem from failures to ground user instructions in the observed physical environment, can lead to…

Large language models (LLMs) have been found to produce hallucinations when the question exceeds their internal knowledge boundaries. A reliable model should have a clear perception of its knowledge boundaries, providing correct answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Shiyu Ni , Keping Bi , Lulu Yu , Jiafeng Guo

As large language models continue to develop in the field of AI, text generation systems are susceptible to a worrisome phenomenon known as hallucination. In this study, we summarize recent compelling insights into hallucinations in LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Hongbin Ye , Tong Liu , Aijia Zhang , Wei Hua , Weiqiang Jia

While humans increasingly rely on large language models (LLMs), they are susceptible to generating inaccurate or false information, also known as "hallucinations". Technical advancements have been made in algorithms that detect hallucinated…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Hyo Jin Do , Rachel Ostrand , Justin D. Weisz , Casey Dugan , Prasanna Sattigeri , Dennis Wei , Keerthiram Murugesan , Werner Geyer

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to possess impressive capabilities, while also raising crucial concerns about the faithfulness of their responses. A primary issue arising in this context is the management of (un)answerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Aviv Slobodkin , Omer Goldman , Avi Caciularu , Ido Dagan , Shauli Ravfogel

Causal explanations of the predictions of NLP systems are essential to ensure safety and establish trust. Yet, existing methods often fall short of explaining model predictions effectively or efficiently and are often model-specific. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yair Gat , Nitay Calderon , Amir Feder , Alexander Chapanin , Amit Sharma , Roi Reichart

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing and hold growing promise for advancing science, healthcare, and decision-making. Yet their training paradigms remain dominated by affirmation-based inference, akin to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Peter B. Walker , Hannah Davidson , Aiden Foster , Matthew Lienert , Thomas Pardue , Dale Russell

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various reasoning tasks, aided by techniques like chain-of-thought prompting that elicits verbalized reasoning. However, LLMs often generate text with obvious…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Zhihui Xie , Jizhou Guo , Tong Yu , Shuai Li

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly produce natural language explanations, yet these explanations often lack faithfulness, and they do not reliably reflect the evidence the model uses to decide. We introduce FaithLM, a model-agnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yu-Neng Chuang , Guanchu Wang , Chia-Yuan Chang , Ruixiang Tang , Shaochen Zhong , Fan Yang , Mengnan Du , Xuanting Cai , Vladimir Braverman , Xia Hu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have led to highly sophisticated conversation agents. However, these models suffer from "hallucinations," where the model generates false or fabricated information.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Philip Feldman , James R. Foulds , Shimei Pan

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP), particularly large language models (LLMs), have motivated the automatic translation of natural language statements into formal logic without human intervention. This enables automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Muyu Pan , Dheeraj Kodakandla , Mahfuza Farooque

Large language models (LLMs) often generate fluent but factually incorrect outputs, known as hallucinations, which undermine their reliability in real-world applications. While uncertainty estimation has emerged as a promising strategy for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Pei-Fu Guo , Yun-Da Tsai , Shou-De Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed human writing by enhancing grammar correction, content expansion, and stylistic refinement. However, their widespread use raises concerns about authorship, originality, and ethics, even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zhen Tao , Zhiyu Li , Runyu Chen , Dinghao Xi , Wei Xu

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to generate contextually grounded responses, contextual faithfulness remains challenging as LLMs may not consistently trust provided context, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yongchao Long , Xian Wu , Yingying Zhang , Xianbin Wen , Yuxi Zhou , Shenda Hong

A frequently observed problem with LLMs is their tendency to generate output that is nonsensical, illogical, or factually incorrect, often referred to broadly as hallucination. Building on the recently proposed HalluciGen task for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Evangelia Gogoulou , Shorouq Zahra , Liane Guillou , Luise Dürlich , Joakim Nivre

Modern text-to-vision generative models often hallucinate when the prompt describing the scene to be generated is underspecified. In large language models (LLMs), a prevalent strategy to reduce hallucinations is to retrieve factual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jinqi Luo , Kwan Ho Ryan Chan , Dimitris Dimos , René Vidal

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), defined as fluent yet incorrect or incoherent outputs, pose a significant challenge to the automatic generation of educational multiple-choice questions (MCQs). We identified four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Nicholas X. Wang , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos
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