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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising approach for mitigating the hallucination of large language models (LLMs). However, existing research lacks rigorous evaluation of the impact of retrieval-augmented generation on different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Jiawei Chen , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

Large language models (LLMs) are able to generate human-like responses to user queries. However, LLMs exhibit inherent limitations, especially because they hallucinate. This paper introduces LP-LM, a system that grounds answers to questions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Katherine Wu , Yanhong A. Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong potential across a variety of tasks, but their application in the telecom field remains challenging due to domain complexity, evolving standards, and specialized terminology. Therefore,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Dun Yuan , Hao Zhou , Xue Liu , Hao Chen , Yan Xin , Jianzhong , Zhang

Addressing the issue of hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) is a critical challenge. As the cognitive mechanisms of hallucination have been related to memory, here we explore hallucination for LLM that is enabled with explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Georgios Kollias , Payel Das , Subhajit Chaudhury

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing. However, these models face challenges in retrieving precise information from vast datasets. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) was developed to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yuxin Yang , Haoyang Wu , Tao Wang , Jia Yang , Hao Ma , Guojie Luo

The recent success of Large Language Models (LLM) in a wide range of Natural Language Processing applications opens the path towards novel Question Answering Systems over Knowledge Graphs leveraging LLMs. However, one of the main obstacles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Julio C. Rangel , Tarcisio Mendes de Farias , Ana Claudia Sima , Norio Kobayashi

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong empirical performance in various fields, benefiting from their huge amount of parameters that store knowledge. However, LLMs still suffer from several key issues, such as hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shangyu Wu , Ying Xiong , Yufei Cui , Haolun Wu , Can Chen , Ye Yuan , Lianming Huang , Xue Liu , Tei-Wei Kuo , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Large Language Models (LLMs) showcase impressive capabilities but encounter challenges like hallucination, outdated knowledge, and non-transparent, untraceable reasoning processes. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yunfan Gao , Yun Xiong , Xinyu Gao , Kangxiang Jia , Jinliu Pan , Yuxi Bi , Yi Dai , Jiawei Sun , Meng Wang , Haofen Wang

Can Large Language Models (LLMs) be trained to avoid hallucinating factual statements, and can Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) be triggered only when necessary to reduce retrieval and computation costs? In this work, we address both…

Integrating knowledge graphs (KGs) into the reasoning processes of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate hallucination. However, existing work in this area often relies on proprietary or extremely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yi-Jie Cheng , Oscar Chew , Yun-Nung Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in many NLP tasks but remain prone to hallucinations, limiting trust in real-world applications. We present HalluGuard, a 4B-parameter Small Reasoning Model (SRM) for mitigating hallucinations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Loris Bergeron , Ioana Buhnila , Jérôme François , Radu State

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to inject external non-parametric knowledge into large language models (LLMs). Recent works suggest that Knowledge Graphs (KGs) contain valuable external knowledge for LLMs. Retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Wenyu Huang , Guancheng Zhou , Hongru Wang , Pavlos Vougiouklis , Mirella Lapata , Jeff Z. Pan

Question answering (QA) is a core challenge in AI, particularly for complex queries requiring multi-hop reasoning across documents, or symbolic operations like aggregation or exhaustive listing. Retrieval-augmented generation has become the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Lorenzo Loconte , Timothy Hospedales , Cristina Cornelio

Ensuring factual accuracy while maintaining the creative capabilities of Large Language Model Agents (LMAs) poses significant challenges in the development of intelligent agent systems. LMAs face prevalent issues such as information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Diego Sanmartin

Large language models (LLMs) inherently display hallucinations since the precision of generated texts cannot be guaranteed purely by the parametric knowledge they include. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhance the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Bingyu Wan , Fuxi Zhang , Zhongpeng Qi , Jiayi Ding , Jijun Li , Baoshi Fan , Yijia Zhang , Jun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs)-based query expansion for information retrieval augments queries with generated hypothetical documents with LLMs. However, its performance relies heavily on the scale of the language models (LMs), necessitating…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lingyuan Liu , Mengxiang Zhang

Despite their impressive capabilities, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are prone to hallucinations, i.e., the generated content that is nonsensical or unfaithful to input sources. Unlike in LLMs, hallucinations in MLLMs often stem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Xin Zou , Yizhou Wang , Yibo Yan , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Kening Zheng , Sirui Huang , Junkai Chen , Peijie Jiang , Jia Liu , Chang Tang , Xuming Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet hallucinations in knowledge-intensive tasks remain a critical challenge. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) addresses this by integrating external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhipeng Song , Xiangyu Kong , Xinrui Bao , Yizhi Zhou , Jiulong Jiao , Sitong Liu , Yuhang Zhou , Heng Qi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pre-trained on large-scale corpora and excel in numerous general natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as question answering (QA). Despite their advanced language capabilities, when it comes to…

In text generation, hallucinations refer to the generation of seemingly coherent text that contradicts established knowledge. One compelling hypothesis is that hallucinations occur when a language model is given a generation task outside…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Ameya Godbole , Nicholas Monath , Seungyeon Kim , Ankit Singh Rawat , Andrew McCallum , Manzil Zaheer