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This paper presents the Learning the Universe Implicit Likelihood Inference (LtU-ILI) pipeline, a codebase for rapid, user-friendly, and cutting-edge machine learning (ML) inference in astrophysics and cosmology. The pipeline includes…

Large language models (LLMs) are still struggling in aligning with human preference in complex tasks and scenarios. They are prone to overfit into the unexpected patterns or superficial styles in the training data. We conduct an empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhipeng Chen , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jingyuan Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

We perform the first direct cosmological and astrophysical parameter inference from the combination of galaxy luminosity functions and colours using a simulation based inference approach. Using the Synthesizer code we simulate the dust…

We present a Lagrangian model of galaxy clustering bias in which we train a neural net using the local properties of the smoothed initial density field to predict the late-time mass-weighted halo field. By fitting the mass-weighted halo…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-31 Xiaohan Wu , Julian B. Munoz , Daniel J. Eisenstein

Deep neural networks have been successful in many predictive modeling tasks, such as image and language recognition, where large neural networks are often used to obtain good accuracy. Consequently, it is challenging to deploy these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Thiago Serra , Abhinav Kumar , Srikumar Ramalingam

Fast gradient-based optimization algorithms have become increasingly essential for the computationally efficient training of machine learning models. One technique is to multiply the gradient by a preconditioner matrix to produce a step,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Isaac Liao , Rumen R. Dangovski , Jakob N. Foerster , Marin Soljačić

We develop a new method to reconstruct the cosmic density field from the distribution of dark matter haloes above a certain mass threshold. Our motivation is that well-defined samples of galaxy groups/clusters, which can be used to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 H. Y. Wang , H. J. Mo , Y. P. Jing , Y. C. Guo , Frank C. van den Bosch , X. H. Yang

We present a deep-learning-based approach for identifying dark matter haloes in cosmological N-body simulations. Our framework consists of a volumetric Convolutional Neural Network to classify individual simulation particles as either halo…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-26 Soumadeep Maiti , Carlos M. Correa , Andrea Fiorilli , Andrés N. Ruiz , Dante J. Paz , Alejandro Pérez Fernández , Ariel G. Sánchez

An intriguing property of the Transformer is its ability to perform in-context learning (ICL), where the Transformer can solve different inference tasks without parameter updating based on the contextual information provided by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Renpu Liu , Ruida Zhou , Cong Shen , Jing Yang

Learn to Optimize (L2O) trains deep neural network-based solvers for optimization, achieving success in accelerating convex problems and improving non-convex solutions. However, L2O lacks rigorous theoretical backing for its own training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Qingyu Song , Wei Lin , Hong Xu

Precise cosmological inference from next-generation weak lensing surveys requires extracting non-Gaussian information beyond standard two-point statistics. We present a hybrid machine-learning (ML) framework that integrates field-level…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-19 Jiacheng Ding , Chen Su , Ji Yao , Le Zhang , Huanyuan Shan

Motivated by recent developments in perturbative calculations of the nonlinear evolution of large-scale structure, we present an iterative algorithm to reconstruct the initial conditions in a given volume starting from the dark matter…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-01 Marcel Schmittfull , Tobias Baldauf , Matias Zaldarriaga

Regularization techniques are crucial to improving the generalization performance and training efficiency of deep neural networks. Many deep learning algorithms rely on weight decay, dropout, batch/layer normalization to converge faster and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Peng Lu , Ahmad Rashid , Ivan Kobyzev , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Philippe Langlais

Iterative optimization is central to modern artificial intelligence (AI) and provides a crucial framework for understanding adaptive systems. This review provides a unified perspective on this subject, bridging classic theory with neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jesús García Fernández , Nasir Ahmad , Marcel van Gerven

From the nature of dark matter to the rate of expansion of our Universe, observations of distant galaxies distorted through strong gravitational lensing have the potential to answer some of the major open questions in astrophysics. Modeling…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-18 Siddharth Mishra-Sharma , Ge Yang

Learning to Optimize (LtO) is a problem setting in which a machine learning (ML) model is trained to emulate a constrained optimization solver. Learning to produce optimal and feasible solutions subject to complex constraints is a difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 James Kotary , Ferdinando Fioretto

Low-light image enhancement remains a challenging problem due to severe noise, color distortion, contrast degradation, and loss of structural details under insufficient illumination. Existing methods typically apply uniform enhancement…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Bibhabasu Debnath , Sahana Ray , Sanjay Ghosh

Extending the capabilities of robotics to real-world complex, unstructured environments requires the need of developing better perception systems while maintaining low sample complexity. When dealing with high-dimensional state spaces,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Yiming Ding , Ignasi Clavera , Pieter Abbeel

Understanding the galaxy-halo relationship is not only key for elucidating the interplay between baryonic and dark matter, it is essential for creating large mock galaxy catalogues from N-body simulations. High-resolution hydrodynamical…

Deep optical optimization has recently emerged as a new paradigm for designing computational imaging systems using only the output image as the objective. However, it has been limited to either simple optical systems consisting of a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Xinge Yang , Qiang Fu , Wolfgang Heidrich