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Causal discovery is crucial for causal inference in observational studies, as it can enable the identification of valid adjustment sets (VAS) for unbiased effect estimation. However, global causal discovery is notoriously hard in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-04 Jacqueline Maasch , Weishen Pan , Shantanu Gupta , Volodymyr Kuleshov , Kyra Gan , Fei Wang

ICD(International Classification of Diseases) coding involves assigning ICD codes to patients visit based on their medical notes. Considering ICD coding as a multi-label text classification task, researchers have developed sophisticated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Bin Zhang , Junli Wang

Latent variables pose a fundamental challenge to causal discovery and inference. Conventional local methods focus on direct neighbors but fail to provide macro level insights. Cluster level methods enable macro causal reasoning but either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zongyu Li

The paper focuses on identifying the causes of student performance to provide personalized recommendations for improving pass rates. We introduce the need to move beyond predictive models and instead identify causal relationships. We…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Bevan I. Smith

Ensuring fairness in machine learning requires understanding how sensitive attributes like race or gender causally influence outcomes. Existing causal discovery (CD) methods often struggle to recover fairness-relevant pathways in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Khadija Zanna , Akane Sano

Discovering causal relationships in complex multivariate time series is a fundamental scientific challenge. Traditional methods often falter, either by relying on restrictive linear assumptions or on conditional independence tests that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Gian Marco Paldino , Gianluca Bontempi

Understanding causal relationships among features is fundamental for explaining machine learning model decisions. However, traditional causal discovery methods face challenges with categorical variables due to numerical instability in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Henry Salgado , Meagan R. Kendall , Martine Ceberio

The widespread availability of complex time series data in various domains such as environmental science, epidemiology, and economics demands robust causal discovery methods that can identify intricate contemporaneous and lagged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Omar Faruque , Sahara Ali , Xue Zheng , Jianwu Wang

Causal graph recovery is traditionally done using statistical estimation-based methods or based on individual's knowledge about variables of interests. They often suffer from data collection biases and limitations of individuals' knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yuzhe Zhang , Yipeng Zhang , Yidong Gan , Lina Yao , Chen Wang

As systems are getting more autonomous with the development of artificial intelligence, it is important to discover the causal knowledge from observational sensory inputs. By encoding a series of cause-effect relations between events,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yuhao Wang , Vlado Menkovski , Hao Wang , Xin Du , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Motivation: Algorithms that discover variables which are causally related to a target may inform the design of experiments. With observational gene expression data, many methods discover causal variables by measuring each variable's degree…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2014-07-30 Eric V. Strobl , Shyam Visweswaran

Estimating causal effects from real-world relational data can be challenging when the underlying causal model and potential confounders are unknown. While several causal discovery algorithms exist for learning causal models with latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Matteo Negro , Andrea Piras , Ragib Ahsan , David Arbour , Elena Zheleva

Existing Learning-to-Defer (L2D) frameworks are limited to single-expert deferral, forcing each query to rely on only one expert and preventing the use of collective expertise. We introduce the first framework for Top-$k$ Learning-to-Defer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yannis Montreuil , Axel Carlier , Lai Xing Ng , Wei Tsang Ooi

Recent work has shown promising results in causal discovery by leveraging interventional data with gradient-based methods, even when the intervened variables are unknown. However, previous work assumes that the correspondence between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Gonçalo R. A. Faria , André F. T. Martins , Mário A. T. Figueiredo

We present a constraint-based algorithm for learning causal structures from observational time-series data, in the presence of latent confounders. We assume a discrete-time, stationary structural vector autoregressive process, with both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Shami Nisimov , Yaniv Gurwicz , Gal Novik

Causal discovery and causal effect estimation are two fundamental tasks in causal inference. While many methods have been developed for each task individually, statistical challenges arise when applying these methods jointly: estimating…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-21 Paula Gradu , Tijana Zrnic , Yixin Wang , Michael I. Jordan

Owing to the cross-pollination between causal discovery and deep learning, non-statistical data (e.g., images, text, etc.) encounters significant conflicts in terms of properties and methods with traditional causal data. To unify these data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Hang Chen , Xinyu Yang , Qing Yang

In recent years, dual-target Cross-Domain Recommendation (CDR) has been proposed to capture comprehensive user preferences in order to ultimately enhance the recommendation accuracy in both data-richer and data-sparser domains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jiajie Zhu , Yan Wang , Feng Zhu , Zhu Sun

As the significance of understanding the cause-and-effect relationships among variables increases in the development of modern systems and algorithms, learning causality from observational data has become a preferred and efficient approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Xiaoxuan Li , Yao Liu , Ruoyu Wang , Lina Yao

Learning algorithms can be significantly improved by routing complex or uncertain inputs to specialized experts, balancing accuracy with computational cost. This approach, known as learning to defer, is essential in domains like natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Corinna Cortes , Anqi Mao , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong