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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in joint visual and linguistic tasks. However, existing Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmarks often fail to evaluate deep semantic understanding,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 A. Alfarano , L. Venturoli , D. Negueruela del Castillo

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved significant advances in integrating visual and linguistic information, yet their ability to reason about complex and real-world scenarios remains limited. The existing benchmarks are…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced VQA and now support Vision-DeepResearch systems that use search engines for complex visual-textual fact-finding. However, evaluating these visual and textual search abilities is still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yu Zeng , Wenxuan Huang , Zhen Fang , Shuang Chen , Yufan Shen , Yishuo Cai , Xiaoman Wang , Zhenfei Yin , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Shiting Huang , Yiming Zhao , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Philip Torr , Wanli Ouyang , Shaosheng Cao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show impressive vision-language benchmark performance, yet growing concerns about data contamination (test set exposure during training) risk masking true generalization. This concern extends to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ming Liu , Wensheng Zhang

Recent developments in multimodal large language models (MLLM) have equipped language models to reason about vision and language jointly. This permits MLLMs to both perceive and answer questions about data visualization across a variety of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhimin Li , Haichao Miao , Xinyuan Yan , Valerio Pascucci , Matthew Berger , Shusen Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown significant potential in medical image analysis. However, their capabilities in interpreting fundus images, a critical skill for ophthalmology, remain under-evaluated. Existing benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qijie Wei , Kaiheng Qian , Xirong Li

Large Language Model (LLM) evaluation is currently one of the most important areas of research, with existing benchmarks proving to be insufficient and not completely representative of LLMs' various capabilities. We present a curated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Aisha Khatun , Daniel G. Brown

Advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly improved medical task performance, such as Visual Question Answering (VQA) and Report Generation (RG). However, the fairness of these models across diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Peiran Wu , Che Liu , Canyu Chen , Jun Li , Cosmin I. Bercea , Rossella Arcucci

Spatial reasoning is a fundamental capability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet their performance in open aerial environments remains underexplored. In this work, we present Open3D-VQA, a novel benchmark for evaluating MLLMs'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Weichen Zhang , Zile Zhou , Xin Zeng , Xuchen Liu , Jianjie Fang , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Jinqiang Cui , Xinlei Chen , Xiao-Ping Zhang

Manga, or Japanese comics, is a richly multimodal narrative form that blends images and text in complex ways. Teaching large multimodal models (LMMs) to understand such narratives at a human-like level could help manga creators reflect on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jeonghun Baek , Kazuki Egashira , Shota Onohara , Atsuyuki Miyai , Yuki Imajuku , Hikaru Ikuta , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have recently shown significant advancements in video understanding, especially in feature alignment, event reasoning, and instruction-following tasks. However, their capability for counterfactual reasoning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yuefei Chen , Jiang Liu , Xiaodong Lin , Ruixiang Tang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency on general-purpose vision-language benchmarks, reaching or even exceeding human-level performance. However, these evaluations typically rely on standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wenjin Hou , Wei Liu , Han Hu , Xiaoxiao Sun , Serena Yeung-Levy , Hehe Fan

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly prominent in the field of artificial intelligence. These models not only excel in traditional vision-language tasks but also demonstrate impressive performance in contemporary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Xiaotian Han , Quanzeng You , Yongfei Liu , Wentao Chen , Huangjie Zheng , Khalil Mrini , Xudong Lin , Yiqi Wang , Bohan Zhai , Jianbo Yuan , Heng Wang , Hongxia Yang

Recent advancements in Large Video-Language Models (LVLMs) have led to promising results in multimodal video understanding. However, it remains unclear whether these models possess the cognitive capabilities required for high-level tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Chenglin Li , Qianglong Chen , Zhi Li , Feng Tao , Yin Zhang

When answering complex questions, people can seamlessly combine information from visual, textual and tabular sources. While interest in models that reason over multiple pieces of evidence has surged in recent years, there has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Alon Talmor , Ori Yoran , Amnon Catav , Dan Lahav , Yizhong Wang , Akari Asai , Gabriel Ilharco , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Jonathan Berant

Large Language Models (LLMs) have allowed recent LLM-based approaches to achieve excellent performance on long-video understanding benchmarks. We investigate how extensive world knowledge and strong reasoning skills of underlying LLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Kanchana Ranasinghe , Xiang Li , Kumara Kahatapitiya , Michael S. Ryoo

This paper presents MobQA, a benchmark dataset designed to evaluate the semantic understanding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for human mobility data through natural language question answering. While existing models excel at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Hikaru Asano , Hiroki Ouchi , Akira Kasuga , Ryo Yonetani

This paper presents a summary of the VQualA 2025 Challenge on Visual Quality Comparison for Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), hosted as part of the ICCV 2025 Workshop on Visual Quality Assessment. The challenge aims to evaluate and enhance…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in Open-domain question answering (ODQA), yet most evaluations focus on English and assume locale-invariant answers across languages. This assumption neglects the cultural and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Keon-Woo Roh , Yeong-Joon Ju , Seong-Whan Lee

Multilingual pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are incredibly effective at Question Answering (QA), a core task in Natural Language Understanding, achieving high accuracies on several multilingual benchmarks. However, little is known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yahan Yang , Soham Dan , Dan Roth , Insup Lee