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Federated Large Language Models (FedLLMs) enable multiple parties to collaboratively fine-tune LLMs without sharing raw data, addressing challenges of limited resources and privacy concerns. Despite data localization, shared gradients can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Guilin Deng , Silong Chen , Yuchuan Luo , Yi Liu , Songlei Wang , Zhiping Cai , Lin Liu , Xiaohua Jia , Shaojing Fu

Data poisoning attacks spoof a recommender system to make arbitrary, attacker-desired recommendations via injecting fake users with carefully crafted rating scores into the recommender system. We envision a cat-and-mouse game for such data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Jinyuan Jia , Yupei Liu , Yuepeng Hu , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Federated recommendations (FRs) have emerged as an on-device privacy-preserving paradigm, attracting considerable attention driven by rising demands for data security. Existing FRs predominantly adapt ID embeddings to represent items,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kang Fu , Honglei Zhang , Zikai Zhang , Jundong Chen , Xin Zhou , Zhiqi Shen , Dusit Niyato , Yidong Li

This study presents Poison-RAG, a framework for adversarial data poisoning attacks targeting retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)-based recommender systems. Poison-RAG manipulates item metadata, such as tags and descriptions, to influence…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Fatemeh Nazary , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso di Noia

Following recent successes in exploiting both latent factor and word embedding models in recommendation, we propose a novel Regularized Multi-Embedding (RME) based recommendation model that simultaneously encapsulates the following ideas…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Thanh Tran , Kyumin Lee , Yiming Liao , Dongwon Lee

Federated Prompt Learning has emerged as a communication-efficient and privacy-preserving paradigm for adapting large vision-language models like CLIP across decentralized clients. However, the security implications of this setup remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Momin Ahmad Khan , Yasra Chandio , Fatima Muhammad Anwar

Graph neural network (GNN)-based federated recommendation systems effectively capture user-item relationships while preserving data privacy. However, existing methods often face slow convergence on graph data and privacy leakage risks…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zhenxing Yan , Jidong Yuan , Yongqi Sun , Haiyang Liu , Zhihui Gao

With the growing concerns regarding user data privacy, Federated Recommender System (FedRec) has garnered significant attention recently due to its privacy-preserving capabilities. Existing FedRecs generally adhere to a learning protocol in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Wei Yuan , Chaoqun Yang , Liang Qu , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Jianxin Li , Hongzhi Yin

Recommender systems are proving to be an invaluable tool for extracting user-relevant content helping users in their daily activities (e.g., finding relevant places to visit, content to consume, items to purchase). However, to be effective,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Yacine Belal , Aurélien Bellet , Sonia Ben Mokhtar , Vlad Nitu

Sequential recommender systems (SRSs) excel in capturing users' dynamic interests, thus playing a key role in various industrial applications. The popularity of SRSs has also driven emerging research on their security aspects, where data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Yuchuan Zhao , Tong Chen , Junliang Yu , Kai Zheng , Lizhen Cui , Hongzhi Yin

Federated learning (FL) emerged as a promising learning paradigm to enable a multitude of participants to construct a joint ML model without exposing their private training data. Existing FL designs have been shown to exhibit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Lingjuan Lyu , Chen Chen

Personalization stands as the cornerstone of recommender systems (RecSys), striving to sift out redundant information and offer tailor-made services for users. However, the conventional cloud-based RecSys necessitates centralized data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Jing Jiang , Chunxu Zhang , Honglei Zhang , Zhiwei Li , Yidong Li , Bo Yang

Federated Learning (FL) opens new perspectives for training machine learning models while keeping personal data on the users premises. Specifically, in FL, models are trained on the users devices and only model updates (i.e., gradients) are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Aghiles Ait Messaoud , Sonia Ben Mokhtar , Vlad Nitu , Valerio Schiavoni

Despite Federated Learning (FL) employing gradient aggregation at the server for distributed training to prevent the privacy leakage of raw data, private information can still be divulged through the analysis of uploaded gradients from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Tianzhe Xiao , Yichen Li , Yu Zhou , Yining Qi , Yi Liu , Wei Wang , Haozhao Wang , Yi Wang , Ruixuan Li

Collaborative Filtering (CF) models lie at the core of most recommendation systems due to their state-of-the-art accuracy. They are commonly adopted in e-commerce and online services for their impact on sales volume and/or diversity, and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Felice Antonio Merra

Federated learning (FL) is a collaborative learning paradigm allowing multiple clients to jointly train a model without sharing their training data. However, FL is susceptible to poisoning attacks, in which the adversary injects manipulated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Hossein Fereidooni , Alessandro Pegoraro , Phillip Rieger , Alexandra Dmitrienko , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

In recent years, neural networks and other complex models have dominated recommender systems, often setting new benchmarks for state-of-the-art performance. Yet, despite these advancements, award-winning research has demonstrated that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Pedro R. Pires , Rafael T. Sereicikas , Gregorio F. Azevedo , Tiago A. Almeida

Federated learning is considered as an effective privacy-preserving learning mechanism that separates the client's data and model training process. However, federated learning is still under the risk of privacy leakage because of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yuxuan Wan , Han Xu , Xiaorui Liu , Jie Ren , Wenqi Fan , Jiliang Tang

Recently, recommender systems that aim to suggest personalized lists of items for users to interact with online have drawn a lot of attention. In fact, many of these state-of-the-art techniques have been deep learning based. Recent studies…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Wenqi Fan , Tyler Derr , Xiangyu Zhao , Yao Ma , Hui Liu , Jianping Wang , Jiliang Tang , Qing Li

Federated recommendation applies federated learning techniques in recommendation systems to help protect user privacy by exchanging models instead of raw user data between user devices and the central server. Due to the heterogeneity in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Sichun Luo , Yuanzhang Xiao , Linqi Song