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We introduce 2-way finite automata with quantum and classical states (2qcfa's). This is a variant on the 2-way quantum finite automata (2qfa) model which may be simpler to implement than unrestricted 2qfa's; the internal state of a 2qcfa…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Andris Ambainis , John Watrous

This paper deals with the size complexity of minimal {\it two-way quantum finite automata} (2qfa's) necessary for operations to perform on all inputs of each fixed length. Such a complexity measure, known as state complexity of operations,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-07-04 Daowen Qiu

We show that deterministic finite automata equipped with $k$ two-way heads are equivalent to deterministic machines with a single two-way input head and $k-1$ linearly bounded counters if the accepted language is strictly bounded, i.e., a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-07 Holger Petersen

Hoare-style verification provides a principled foundation for reasoning about the correctness of quantum programs, but existing approaches do not allow fully automatic verification. While automata-based verification scales well when…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Wei-Lun Tsai , Yu-Fang Chen , Ondřej Lengál

Determining the minimum number of states required by a finite automaton to separate a given pair of different words is an important problem. In this paper, we consider this problem for quantum automata (QFAs). We show that 2-state QFAs can…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Aleksandrs Belovs , Juan Andres Montoya , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

In a recent paper we have described an optical implementation of a measure-once one-way quantum finite automaton recognizing a well-known family of unary periodic languages, accepting words not in the language with a given error…

This paper establishes a lower bound on the number of states necessary in the worst case to simulate an $n$-state two-way nondeterministic finite automaton (2NFA) by a one-way unambiguous finite automaton (UFA). It is proved that for every…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Semyon Petrov , Alexander Okhotin

This article introduces a fully automated verification technique that permits to analyze real-time systems described using a continuous notion of time and a mixture of operational (i.e., automata-based) and descriptive (i.e., logic-based)…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-08-14 Carlo A. Furia , Matteo Pradella , Matteo Rossi

Combining ideas from distributed algorithms and alternating automata, we introduce a new class of finite graph automata that recognize precisely the languages of finite graphs definable in monadic second-order logic. By restricting…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Fabian Reiter

We study 1-way quantum finite automata (QFAs) and compare them with their classical counterparts. We show that 1-way QFAs can be very space efficient. We construct a 1-way QFAs that are quadratically smaller than any equivalent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arnolds Kikusts

Multi-letter {\it quantum finite automata} (QFAs) were a quantum variant of classical {\it one-way multi-head finite automata} (J. Hromkovi\v{c}, Acta Informatica 19 (1983) 377-384), and it has been shown that this new one-way QFAs…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-11-01 Daowen Qiu , Xiangfu Zou , Lvzhou Li , Paulo Mateus

Deterministic 2-head finite automata which are machines that process an input word from both ends are analyzed for their ability to perform reversible computations. This implies that the automata are backward deterministic, enabling unique…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Benedek Nagy , Walaa Yasin

We present upper and lower bounds of the computational complexity of the two-way communication model of multiple-prover quantum interactive proof systems whose verifiers are limited to measure-many two-way quantum finite automata. We prove…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-25 Tomoyuki Yamakami

The power of real-time Turing machines using sublinear space is investigated. In contrast to a claim appearing in the literature, such machines can accept non-regular languages, even if working in deterministic mode. While maintaining a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Holger Petersen

Automata admitting at most one accepting run per structure, known as unambiguous automata, find applications in verification of reactive systems as they extend the class of deterministic automata whilst maintaining some of their desirable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Anton Chernev , Corina Cîrstea , Helle Hvid Hansen , Clemens Kupke

We introduce layered automata, a subclass of alternating parity automata that generalises deterministic automata. Assuming a consistency property, these automata are history deterministic and 0-1 probabilistic. We show that every…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Antonio Casares , Christof Löding , Igor Walukiewicz

Scalable and automatic formal verification for concurrent systems is always demanding. In this paper, we propose a verification framework to support automated compositional reasoning for concurrent programs with shared variables. Our…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Fuyuan Zhang , Yongwang Zhao , David Sanan , Yang Liu , Alwen Tiu , Shang-Wei Lin , Jun Sun

This paper studies the complexity of operations on finite automata and the complexity of their decision problems when the alphabet is unary. Let $n$ denote the maximum of the number of states of the input finite automata considered in the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Wojciech Czerwiński , Maciej Dębski , Tomasz Gogasz , Gordon Hoi , Sanjay Jain , Michał Skrzypczak , Frank Stephan , Christopher Tan

In this paper, we introduce a new public quantum interactive proof system and the first quantum alternating Turing machine: qAM proof system and qATM, respectively. Both are obtained from their classical counterparts (Arthur-Merlin proof…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-05-25 Abuzer Yakaryilmaz

Cody & Waite argument reduction technique works perfectly for reasonably large arguments but as the input grows there are no bit left to approximate the constant with enough accuracy. Under mild assumptions, we show that the result computed…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2007-08-29 Sylvie Boldo , Marc Daumas , Ren Cang Li