English
Related papers

Related papers: Testing for Causal Fairness

200 papers

The study of algorithmic fairness received growing attention recently. This stems from the awareness that bias in the input data for machine learning systems may result in discriminatory outputs. For clustering tasks, one of the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Katrin Casel , Tobias Friedrich , Martin Schirneck , Simon Wietheger

Feature selection is a crucial preprocessing step in data analytics and machine learning. Classical feature selection algorithms select features based on the correlations between predictive features and the class variable and do not attempt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Kui Yu , Xianjie Guo , Lin Liu , Jiuyong Li , Hao Wang , Zhaolong Ling , Xindong Wu

Since the rise of fair machine learning as a critical field of inquiry, many different notions on how to quantify and measure discrimination have been proposed in the literature. Some of these notions, however, were shown to be mutually…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Drago Plecko , Elias Bareinboim

The applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) surround decisions on increasingly many aspects of human lives. Society responds by imposing legal and social expectations for the accountability of such automated decision systems (ADSs).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Furkan Gursoy , Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

Fairness metrics utilizing the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) have gained increasing attention in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, finance, and criminal justice. In these domains, fairness is often…

Fair machine learning aims to prevent discrimination against individuals or sub-populations based on sensitive attributes such as gender and race. In recent years, causal inference methods have been increasingly used in fair machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Aoqi Zuo , Yiqing Li , Susan Wei , Mingming Gong

The incorporation of fairness into the distribution network (DN) planning and operation has become a key goal of recent studies. The cost of implementing fairness, denominated the price of fairness (PoF), covers the efficiency that is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Pedro F. C. de Carvalho , Zijie Liu , Md Umar Hashmi , Dirk Van Hertem

This article extends the widely-used synthetic controls estimator for evaluating causal effects of policy changes to quantile functions. The proposed method provides a geometrically faithful estimate of the entire counterfactual quantile…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-01-03 Florian Gunsilius

Fairness in decision-making processes is often quantified using probabilistic metrics. However, these metrics may not fully capture the real-world consequences of unfairness. In this article, we adopt a utility-based approach to more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Tolulope Fadina , Thorsten Schmidt

Natural language understanding (NLU) models often rely on dataset biases rather than intended task-relevant features to achieve high performance on specific datasets. As a result, these models perform poorly on datasets outside the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Yougang Lyu , Piji Li , Yechang Yang , Maarten de Rijke , Pengjie Ren , Yukun Zhao , Dawei Yin , Zhaochun Ren

We explore fairness from a statistical perspective by selectively utilizing either conditional distance covariance or distance covariance statistics as measures to assess the independence between predictions and sensitive attributes. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ruifan Huang , Haixia Liu

The astonishing successes of ML have raised growing concern for the fairness of modern methods when deployed in real world settings. However, studies on fairness have mostly focused on supervised ML, while unsupervised outlier detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Xueying Ding , Rui Xi , Leman Akoglu

Standard causal inference characterizes treatment effect through averages, but the counterfactual distributions could be different in not only the central tendency but also spread and shape. To provide a comprehensive evaluation of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-04 Steven G. Xu , Shu Yang , Brian J. Reich

Demographic parity (DP) is a widely studied fairness criterion in regression, enforcing independence between the predictions and sensitive attributes. However, constraining the entire distribution can degrade predictive accuracy and may be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-03 Naht Sinh Le , Christophe Denis , Mohamed Hebiri

Open-vocabulary object detection often fails under distribution shifts, as it can be misled by spurious correlations between non-causal visual attributes (e.g., brightness, texture) and object categories. Existing test-time adaptation (TTA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Kaixiang Zhao , Mao Ye , Lihua Zhou , Hu Wang , Luping Ji , Song Tang , Xiatian Zhu

Platform trials allow treatment arms to enter and exit over time while maintaining a shared control arm, yielding concurrent and non-concurrent controls (NCC). Pooling NCC is often motivated as a strategy to improve statistical efficiency,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-12 Antonio D'Alessandro , Samrachana Adhikari , Michele Santacatterina

Statistical fairness metrics in AI-driven credit decisions conflate two causally distinct mechanisms: discrimination operating directly from a protected attribute to a credit outcome, and structural inequality propagating through legitimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Duraimurugan Rajamanickam

Data owners face increasing liability for how the use of their data could harm under-priviliged communities. Stakeholders would like to identify the characteristics of data that lead to algorithms being biased against any particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Jonathan Vasquez , Xavier Gitiaux , Huzefa Rangwala

Objective: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are widely considered as gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of new health interventions. When treatment non-compliance is present in RCTs, the treatment effect in the subgroup of…

Applications · Statistics 2025-03-25 Theodosios Papazoglou , Ed Waddingham , Alastair Young

Causal fairness in databases is crucial to preventing biased and inaccurate outcomes in downstream tasks. While most prior work assumes a known causal model, recent efforts relax this assumption by enforcing additional constraints. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ying Zheng , Yangfan Jiang , Kian-Lee Tan