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Watermarking is a technical means to dissuade malfeasant usage of Large Language Models. This paper proposes a novel watermarking scheme, so-called WaterMax, that enjoys high detectability while sustaining the quality of the generated text…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Eva Giboulot , Teddy Furon

Steganography is an information hiding application which aims to hide secret data imperceptibly into a commonly used media. Unfortunately, the theoretical hiding asymptotical capacity of steganographic systems is not attained by algorithms…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-07-06 H. Rifà-Pous , J. Rifà , L. Ronquillo

Steganography embeds secret messages in seemingly innocuous carriers for covert communication under surveillance. Current Provably Secure Steganography (PSS) schemes based on language models can guarantee computational indistinguishability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Kaiyi Pang , Minhao Bai

In this paper a novel spatial domain LSB based watermarking scheme for color Images is proposed. The proposed scheme is of type blind and invisible watermarking. Our scheme introduces the concept of storing variable number of bits in each…

Graphics · Computer Science 2009-12-22 Nagaraj V. Dharwadkar , B. B. Amberker

In many recent years, the programming world has been introduced about a new programming language for designing websites, it is CSS that can be be used together with HTML to develop a web interface. And now, these two programming languages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-01-11 Herman Kabetta , B. Yudi Dwiandiyanta , Suyoto

Despite remarkable progress in steganography, embedding semantically rich, sentence-level information into carriers remains a challenging problem. In this work, we present a novel concept of Semantic Steganography, which aims to hide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Huanqi Wu , Huangbiao Xu , Runfeng Xie , Jiaxin Cai , Kaixin Zhang , Xiao Ke

Text steganography is a mechanism of hiding secret text message inside another text as a covering message. In this paper, we propose a text steganographic scheme based on color coding. This include two different methods: the first based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Juvet K. Sadié , Leonel Moyou Metcheka , René Ndoundam

With data privacy becoming more of a necessity than a luxury in today's digital world, research on more robust models of privacy preservation and information security is on the rise. In this paper, we take a look at Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Geetanjali Bihani , Julia Taylor Rayz

With the rapid advancement and extensive application of artificial intelligence technology, large language models (LLMs) are extensively used to enhance production, creativity, learning, and work efficiency across various domains. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yuqing Liang , Jiancheng Xiao , Wensheng Gan , Philip S. Yu

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) necessitates reliable methods to detect LLM-generated text. We introduce SimMark, a robust sentence-level watermarking algorithm that makes LLMs' outputs traceable without requiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Amirhossein Dabiriaghdam , Lele Wang

Watermarking of large language models (LLMs) generation embeds an imperceptible statistical pattern within texts, making it algorithmically detectable. Watermarking is a promising method for addressing potential harm and biases from LLMs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Lingjie Chen , Ruizhong Qiu , Siyu Yuan , Zhining Liu , Tianxin Wei , Hyunsik Yoo , Zhichen Zeng , Deqing Yang , Hanghang Tong

Linguistic steganography (LS) conceals the presence of communication by embedding secret information into a text. How to generate a high-quality text carrying secret information is a key problem. With the widespread application of deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Xiaoyan Zheng , Hanzhou Wu

In this work, we introduce a novel deep learning-based approach to text-in-image watermarking, a method that embeds and extracts textual information within images to enhance data security and integrity. Leveraging the capabilities of deep…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Bishwa Karki , Chun-Hua Tsai , Pei-Chi Huang , Xin Zhong

We propose a high-payload image watermarking method for textual embedding, where a semantic description of the image - which may also correspond to the input text prompt-, is embedded inside the image. In order to be able to robustly embed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Benedetta Tondi , Andrea Costanzo , Mauro Barni

The Internet as a whole does not use secure links, thus information in transit may be vulnerable to interruption as well. The important of reducing a chance of the information being detected during the transmission is being an issue in the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2012-05-15 Yusuf Perwej , Firoj Parwej , Asif Perwej

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in both text understanding and generation. Companies have begun to offer Embedding as a Service (EaaS) based on these LLMs, which can benefit various natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Wenjun Peng , Jingwei Yi , Fangzhao Wu , Shangxi Wu , Bin Zhu , Lingjuan Lyu , Binxing Jiao , Tong Xu , Guangzhong Sun , Xing Xie

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) in generating content raises concerns about text copyright. Watermarking methods, particularly logit-based approaches, embed imperceptible identifiers into text to address these challenges.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yiyang Luo , Ke Lin , Chao Gu , Jiahui Hou , Lijie Wen , Ping Luo

Watermarking has emerged as a promising technique for detecting texts generated by LLMs. Current research has primarily focused on three design criteria: high quality of the watermarked text, high detectability, and robustness against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yang Zhang , Yuheng Bu , Shiyu Chang

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, safeguarding the intellectual property of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly crucial. Current watermarking techniques against model extraction attacks, which rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Minhao Bai , Kaiyi Pang , Yongfeng Huang

Recently, text watermarking algorithms for large language models (LLMs) have been proposed to mitigate the potential harms of text generated by LLMs, including fake news and copyright issues. However, current watermark detection algorithms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Aiwei Liu , Leyi Pan , Xuming Hu , Shu'ang Li , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu
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