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Document-level text generation tasks are known to be more difficult than sentence-level text generation tasks as they require the understanding of longer context to generate high-quality texts. In this paper, we investigate the adaption of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yuu Jinnai

In NMT we search for the mode of the model distribution to form predictions. The mode and other high-probability translations found by beam search have been shown to often be inadequate in a number of ways. This prevents improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Bryan Eikema , Wilker Aziz

Inference methods play an important role in eliciting the performance of large language models (LLMs). Currently, LLMs use inference methods utilizing generated multiple samples, which can be derived from Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) Decoding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hidetaka Kamigaito , Hiroyuki Deguchi , Yusuke Sakai , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Taro Watanabe

Beam search is the most widely used decoding method for neural machine translation (NMT). In practice, the top-1 candidate with the highest log-probability among the n candidates is selected as the preferred one. However, this top-1…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Yidan Zhang , Yu Wan , Dayiheng Liu , Baosong Yang , Zhenan He

Maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) decoding is the most widely used decoding strategy for neural machine translation (NMT) models. The underlying assumption is that model probability correlates well with human judgment, with better translations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Christian Tomani , David Vilar , Markus Freitag , Colin Cherry , Subhajit Naskar , Mara Finkelstein , Xavier Garcia , Daniel Cremers

One of the most important challenges in text generation systems is to produce outputs that are not only correct but also diverse. Recently, Minimum Bayes-Risk (MBR) decoding has gained prominence for generating sentences of the highest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yuu Jinnai , Ukyo Honda , Tetsuro Morimura , Peinan Zhang

Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding achieved state-of-the-art translation performance by using COMET, a neural metric that has a high correlation with human evaluation. However, MBR decoding requires quadratic time since it computes the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Hiroyuki Deguchi , Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe , Hideki Tanaka , Masao Utiyama

This paper explores Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding for self-improvement in machine translation (MT), particularly for domain adaptation and low-resource languages. We implement the self-improvement process by fine-tuning the model on its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Kamil Guttmann , Mikołaj Pokrywka , Adrian Charkiewicz , Artur Nowakowski

Inference scaling helps LLMs solve complex reasoning problems through extended runtime computation. On top of long chain-of-thought (long-CoT) models, purely inference-time techniques such as best-of-N (BoN) sampling, majority voting, or…

Minimum Bayesian Risk Decoding (MBR) emerges as a promising decoding algorithm in Neural Machine Translation. However, MBR performs poorly with label smoothing, which is surprising as label smoothing provides decent improvement with beam…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Jianhao Yan , Jin Xu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Yue Zhang

Recent studies have revealed a number of pathologies of neural machine translation (NMT) systems. Hypotheses explaining these mostly suggest there is something fundamentally wrong with NMT as a model or its training algorithm, maximum…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Bryan Eikema , Wilker Aziz

Recent research in decoding methods for Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks has shown that MAP decoding is not optimal, because model probabilities do not always align with human preferences. Stronger decoding methods, including Quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Mara Finkelstein , Subhajit Naskar , Mehdi Mirzazadeh , Apurva Shah , Markus Freitag

Generative models of code, pretrained on large corpora of programs, have shown great success in translating natural language to code (Chen et al., 2021; Austin et al., 2021; Li et al., 2022, inter alia). While these models do not explicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Freda Shi , Daniel Fried , Marjan Ghazvininejad , Luke Zettlemoyer , Sida I. Wang

Many strong decoding methods for text generation follow a sample-and-rerank paradigm: they draw multiple candidates, score each under a utility (reward) function using consensus across samples, and return the best one. Although effective,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yuki Ichihara , Yuu Jinnai , Kaito Ariu , Eiji Uchibe

We present a novel scheme to combine neural machine translation (NMT) with traditional statistical machine translation (SMT). Our approach borrows ideas from linearised lattice minimum Bayes-risk decoding for SMT. The NMT score is combined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-14 Felix Stahlberg , Adrià de Gispert , Eva Hasler , Bill Byrne

Meta-Learning is a family of methods that use a set of interrelated tasks to learn a model that can quickly learn a new query task from a possibly small contextual dataset. In this study, we use a probabilistic framework to formalize what…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-03 Shin-ichi Maeda , Toshiki Nakanishi , Masanori Koyama

Best-of-N (BoN) sampling with a reward model has been shown to be an effective strategy for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to human preferences at the time of decoding. BoN sampling is susceptible to a problem known as reward hacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Yuu Jinnai , Tetsuro Morimura , Kaito Ariu , Kenshi Abe

Neural metrics have achieved impressive correlation with human judgements in the evaluation of machine translation systems, but before we can safely optimise towards such metrics, we should be aware of (and ideally eliminate) biases toward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Chantal Amrhein , Rico Sennrich

This paper studies maximum likelihood(ML) decoding in error-correcting codes as rational maps and proposes an approximate ML decoding rule by using a Taylor expansion. The point for the Taylor expansion, which will be denoted by $p$ in the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2010-06-30 Kazunori Hayashi , Yasuaki Hiraoka

Optimality principles have been useful in explaining many aspects of biological systems. In the context of neural encoding in sensory areas, optimality is naturally formulated in a Bayesian setting, as neural tuning which minimizes mean…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-12-02 Yuval Harel , Ron Meir