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Collecting high-quality training data is essential for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs). However, acquiring such data is often costly and time-consuming, especially for non-English languages such as Italian. Recently, researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Fatemeh Mohammadi , Tommaso Romano , Samira Maghool , Paolo Ceravolo

The instruction-following capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are pivotal for numerous applications, from conversational agents to complex reasoning systems. However, current evaluations predominantly focus on English models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Dongjun Kim , Chanhee Park , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

Recent generative large language models (LLMs) show remarkable performance in non-English languages, but when prompted in those languages they tend to express higher harmful social biases and toxicity levels. Prior work has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Vera Neplenbroek , Arianna Bisazza , Raquel Fernández

Advancements in natural language generation (NLG) and large language models (LLMs) have led to proficient text generation in various tasks. However, integrating intricate constraints into neural text generation, due to LLMs' opacity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xiang Chen , Xiaojun Wan

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, their output quality remains inconsistent across various application scenarios, making it difficult to identify trustworthy responses, especially in complex tasks…

Tokenizer adaptation plays an important role in adapting pre-trained language models to new domains or languages. In this work, we address two complementary aspects of this process: vocabulary extension and pruning. The common approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Taido Purason , Pavel Chizhov , Ivan P. Yamshchikov , Mark Fishel

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly better at a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks (NLP), such as text generation and understanding. Recently, these models have extended their capabilities to coding tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Nishat Raihan , Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Joanna C. S. Santos , Marcos Zampieri

As for multilingual language models, it is important to select languages for training because of the curse of multilinguality. It is known that using languages with similar language structures is effective for cross lingual transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Wooyoung Kim , Chaerin Jo , Minjung Kim , Wooju Kim

Is preferred tokenization for humans also preferred for machine-learning (ML) models? This study examines the relations between preferred tokenization for humans (appropriateness and readability) and one for ML models (performance on an NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Tatsuya Hiraoka , Tomoya Iwakura

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks but face challenges in mathematical reasoning, where complex problem-solving requires both linguistic understanding and mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shuguang Chen , Guang Lin

In this paper, we propose a two-phase training approach where pre-trained large language models are continually pre-trained on parallel data and then supervised fine-tuned with a small amount of high-quality parallel data. To investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Minato Kondo , Takehito Utsuro , Masaaki Nagata

Translating knowledge-intensive and entity-rich text between English and Korean requires transcreation to preserve language-specific and cultural nuances beyond literal, phonetic or word-for-word conversion. We evaluate 13 models (LLMs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Daniel Lee , Harsh Sharma , Jieun Han , Sunny Jeong , Alice Oh , Vered Shwartz

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in statistical research and applications. However,they are also notorious for unreliable or biased information. Here, we explore whether LLMs can be used to improve the precision of…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-29 Jaylin Lowe , Adam Sales , Johann A. Gagnon-Bartsch

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) are predominantly designed with English as the primary language, and even the few that are multilingual tend to exhibit strong English-centric biases. Much like speakers who might produce awkward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yanzhu Guo , Simone Conia , Zelin Zhou , Min Li , Saloni Potdar , Henry Xiao

Building effective tokenizers for multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) requires careful control over language-specific data mixtures. While a tokenizer's compression performance critically affects the efficiency of LLM training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Inho Won , Hangyeol Yoo , Minkyung Cho , Jungyeul Park , Hoyun Song , KyungTae Lim

The scaling of large language models (LLMs) emphasizes increasing depth, yet performance gains diminish with added layers. Prior work introduces the concept of "effective depth", arguing that deeper models fail to fully utilize their layers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yi Hu , Cai Zhou , Muhan Zhang

The speech tokenizer plays a crucial role in recent speech tasks, generally serving as a bridge between speech signals and language models. While low-frame-rate codecs are widely employed as speech tokenizers, the impact of frame rates on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Haoyang Zhang , Hexin Liu , Xiangyu Zhang , Qiquan Zhang , Yuchen Hu , Junqi Zhao , Fei Tian , Xuerui Yang , Leibny Paola Garcia , Eng Siong Chng

Typical methods for evaluating the performance of language models evaluate their ability to answer questions accurately. These evaluation metrics are acceptable for determining the extent to which language models can understand and reason…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Andrew Gambardella , Takeshi Kojima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely employed across various application domains, yet their black-box nature poses significant challenges to understanding how these models process input data internally to make predictions. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hangfeng He , Weijie J. Su

Aligning language models (LMs) with preferences is an important problem in natural language generation. A key challenge is that preferences are typically provided at the sequence level while LM training and generation both occur at the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Shentao Yang , Shujian Zhang , Congying Xia , Yihao Feng , Caiming Xiong , Mingyuan Zhou