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Real-world model deployment across multiple domains requires multimodal models to operate under two complementary regimes: (1) multi-task pretraining, tasks are co-available at design time where related tasks could borrow representational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xing Han , Shravan Chaudhari , Tanvi Ranade , Rama Chellappa , Suchi Saria

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale more effectively than dense models due to sparse computation through expert routing, selectively activating only a small subset of expert modules. However, sparse computation challenges traditional…

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate the rising computational costs of large language models (LLMs) by selectively activating parameters. However, its high memory requirements and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jehyeon Bang , Eunyeong Cho , Ranggi Hwang , Jinha Chung , Minsoo Rhu

Self-supervised learning through masked autoencoders has attracted great attention for remote sensing (RS) foundation model (FM) development, enabling improved representation learning across diverse sensors and downstream tasks. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Leonard Hackel , Tom Burgert , Begüm Demir

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures enhance the efficiency of large language models by activating only a subset of experts per token. However, standard MoE employs a fixed Top-K routing strategy, leading to redundant computation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Juntong Wu , Jialiang Cheng , Qishen Yin , Yue Dai , Yuliang Yan , Fuyu Lv , Ou Dan , Li Yuan

While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) scales model capacity without proportionally increasing computation, its massive total parameter footprint creates significant storage and memory-access bottlenecks, which hinder efficient end-side deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Chenyang Song , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Yingfa Chen , Zhiyuan Liu

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a promising approach for scaling Transformer models. While initial works primarily incorporated MoE into feed-forward network (FFN) layers, recent studies have explored extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yuanhang Yang , Chaozheng Wang , Jing Li

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique can scale up the model size of Transformers with an affordable computational overhead. We point out that existing learning-to-route MoE methods suffer from the routing fluctuation issue, i.e., the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Damai Dai , Li Dong , Shuming Ma , Bo Zheng , Zhifang Sui , Baobao Chang , Furu Wei

Federated fine-tuning of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)-based large language models (LLMs) is challenging due to their massive computational requirements and the resource constraints of participants. Existing working attempts to fill this gap…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Fahao Chen , Jie Wan , Peng Li , Zhou Su , Dongxiao Yu

The classification of stellar light curves has become a key task in modern time-domain astronomy, fueled by the rapid growth of data from large-scale surveys such as Kepler and TESS. Although deep learning models have achieved high accuracy…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-21 Cunshi Wang , Yu Bai , Xinrui Song , Jiacheng Xu , Henggeng Han , Yuyang Li , Xinjie Hu , Huiqin Yang , Jifeng Liu

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), many deep learning practitioners are looking for strategies of running these models more efficiently. One such strategy is to use sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) - a type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Artyom Eliseev , Denis Mazur

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is a powerful technique for scaling language models, yet it often suffers from expert homogenization, where experts learn redundant functionalities, thereby limiting MoE's full potential. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaang Li , Haibin Chen , Langming Liu , Yujin Yuan , Yadao Wang , Yizhen Zhang , Chengting Yu , Xin Tong , Weidong Zhang , Shilei Liu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

In this paper, we introduce a novel dynamic expert selection framework for Mixture of Experts (MoE) models, aiming to enhance computational efficiency and model performance by adjusting the number of activated experts based on input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Quzhe Huang , Zhenwei An , Nan Zhuang , Mingxu Tao , Chen Zhang , Yang Jin , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Songfang Huang , Yansong Feng

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models are designed to enhance the efficiency of large language models (LLMs) without proportionally increasing the computational demands. However, their deployment on edge devices still faces significant challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Shuzhang Zhong , Ling Liang , Yuan Wang , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang , Meng Li

Extending large language models to low-resource languages is essential for global accessibility, but training separate models per language is prohibitively expensive. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures address this by adding sparse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Rongzhi Li , Hitomi Yanaka

In the era of large language models, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a promising architecture for managing computational costs when scaling up model parameters. However, conventional MoE architectures like GShard, which activate the top-$K$ out…

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) are engineered to be robust in contextual understanding and exhibit outstanding performance in various natural language processing tasks. However, their considerable size incurs significant computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Guanchen Li , Xiandong Zhao , Lian Liu , Zeping Li , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Jie He , Ashish Sirasao , Emad Barsoum

Recent advances in large language models highlighted the excessive quadratic cost of self-attention. Despite the significant research efforts, subquadratic attention methods still suffer from inferior performance in practice. We hypothesize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Piotr Piękos , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models embody the divide-and-conquer concept and are a promising approach for increasing model capacity, demonstrating excellent scalability across multiple domains. In this paper, we integrate the MoE structure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xumeng Han , Longhui Wei , Zhiyang Dou , Zipeng Wang , Chenhui Qiang , Xin He , Yingfei Sun , Zhenjun Han , Qi Tian

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale efficiently by activating only a subset of experts per token, offering a computationally sparse alternative to dense architectures. While prior post-training optimizations, such as inter- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Krishna Teja Chitty-Venkata , Sandeep Madireddy , Murali Emani , Venkatram Vishwanath