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Large Language Models (LLMs) have pushed the frontier of artificial intelligence but are comprised of hundreds of billions of parameters and operations. For faster inference latency, LLMs are deployed on multiple hardware accelerators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jan Hansen-Palmus , Michael Truong Le , Oliver Hausdörfer , Alok Verma

Machine learning (ML) models are widely used in many important domains. For efficiently processing these computational- and memory-intensive applications, tensors of these over-parameterized models are compressed by leveraging sparsity,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Shail Dave , Riyadh Baghdadi , Tony Nowatzki , Sasikanth Avancha , Aviral Shrivastava , Baoxin Li

Large language model (LLM) inference has been a prevalent demand in daily life and industries. The large tensor sizes and computing complexities in LLMs have brought challenges to memory, computing, and databus. This paper proposes a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yimin Wang , Yue Jiet Chong , Xuanyao Fong

Existing low-rank adaptation (LoRA) methods face challenges on sparse large language models (LLMs) due to the inability to maintain sparsity. Recent works introduced methods that maintain sparsity by augmenting LoRA techniques with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Yuxuan Hu , Jing Zhang , Xiaodong Chen , Zhe Zhao , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in advancing natural language processing but often struggle with complex reasoning tasks due to inefficient attention distributions. In this paper, we explore the effect of increased computed tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on converged Cloud and High-Performance Computing (HPC) infrastructure. However, as LLMs handle confidential inputs and are fine-tuned on costly, proprietary datasets, their heightened…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Marcin Chrapek , Marcin Copik , Etienne Mettaz , Torsten Hoefler

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have emerged as hot topics in the research community. Despite the success of ANNs, it is challenging to train and deploy modern ANNs on commodity hardware due to the ever-increasing model size and the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Amarsagar Reddy Ramapuram Matavalam , Yulong Pei , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success with their billion-level parameters, yet they incur high inference overheads. The emergence of activation sparsity in LLMs provides a natural approach to reduce this cost by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Haizhong Zheng , Xiaoyan Bai , Xueshen Liu , Z. Morley Mao , Beidi Chen , Fan Lai , Atul Prakash

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional benefits to a wide range of domains, for tasks as diverse as code generation and robot navigation. While LLMs are usually served from cloud data centers, mission-critical and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Mayank Arya , Yogesh Simmhan

Diffusion models demonstrate outstanding performance in image generation, but their multi-step inference mechanism requires immense computational cost. Previous works accelerate inference by leveraging layer or token cache techniques to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Haowei Zhu , Ji Liu , Ziqiong Liu , Dong Li , Junhai Yong , Bin Wang , Emad Barsoum

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as the de-facto paradigm for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). We have developed RLAX, a scalable RL framework on TPUs. RLAX employs a parameter-server…

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on autoregressive, decoder-only Transformers generate text one token at a time, where a token represents a discrete unit of text. As each newly produced token is appended to the partial output sequence,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Dimitrios Kafetzis , Ramin Khalili , Iordanis Koutsopoulos

Large Language Models (LLMs), while demonstrating remarkable capabilities across various applications, present significant challenges during inference due to their substantial model size, especially when deployed on edge devices. Activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zhenyu Zhang , Zechun Liu , Yuandong Tian , Harshit Khaitan , Zhangyang Wang , Steven Li

Long-context understanding is crucial for many NLP applications, yet transformers struggle with efficiency due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention. Sparse attention methods alleviate this cost but often impose static, predefined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Hanzhi Zhang , Heng Fan , Kewei Sha , Yan Huang , Yunhe Feng

Accommodating long sequences efficiently in autoregressive Transformers, especially within an extended context window, poses significant challenges due to the quadratic computational complexity and substantial KV memory requirements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Chao Lou , Zixia Jia , Zilong Zheng , Kewei Tu

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems based on large language models (LLMs) achieve superior performance by leveraging pretrained LLMs as decoders, but their token-by-token generation mechanism leads to inference latency that grows…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wenjie Tian , Bingshen Mu , Guobin Ma , Xuelong Geng , Zhixian Zhao , Lei Xie

Neural networks have proven to be extremely powerful tools for modern artificial intelligence applications, but computational and storage complexity remain limiting factors. This paper presents two compatible contributions towards reducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Sourya Dey , Kuan-Wen Huang , Peter A. Beerel , Keith M. Chugg

Although existing frameworks for large language model (LLM) inference on CPUs are mature, they fail to fully exploit the computation potential of many-core CPU platforms. Many-core CPUs are widely deployed in web servers and high-end…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuzhuang Xu , Xu Han , Yuxuan Li , Wanxiang Che

Inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) across computer clusters has become a focal point of research in recent times, with many acceleration techniques taking inspiration from CPU speculative execution. These techniques reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Branden Butler , Sixing Yu , Arya Mazaheri , Ali Jannesari

Recent advance in sparse attention mechanisms has demonstrated strong potential for reducing the computational cost of long-context training and inference in large language models (LLMs). Native Sparse Attention (NSA), one state-of-the-art…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ran Yan , Youhe Jiang , Zhuoming Chen , Haohui Mai , Beidi Chen , Binhang Yuan
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