English
Related papers

Related papers: Gradient Co-occurrence Analysis for Detecting Unsa…

200 papers

Large language models (LLMs) are now deployed at unprecedented scale, assisting millions of users in daily tasks. However, the risk of these models assisting unlawful activities remains underexplored. In this study, we define this high-risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xing Wang , Huiyuan Xie , Yiyan Wang , Chaojun Xiao , Huimin Chen , Holli Sargeant , Felix Steffek , Jie Shao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The growing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated code generation has enhanced software development efficiency, but often at the cost of security. Generated code frequently overlooks critical concerns, leaving it vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mohammed Kharma , Ahmed Sabbah , Mohammad Alkhanafseh , Mohammad Hammoudeh , David Mohaisen

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced critical security challenges, where adversarial actors can manipulate input prompts to cause significant harm and circumvent safety alignments. These prompt-based attacks…

As large language models (LLMs) are deployed in multilingual settings, their safety behavior in culturally diverse, low-resource languages remains poorly understood. We present the first systematic evaluation of LLM safety across 12 Indic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Priyaranjan Pattnayak , Sanchari Chowdhuri

Large language models require continuous adaptation to new tasks while preserving safety alignment. However, fine-tuning on even benign data often compromises safety behaviors, including refusal of harmful requests, truthfulness, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Thong Bach , Dung Nguyen , Thao Minh Le , Truyen Tran

While the widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) holds great potential for society, their vulnerabilities to adversarial manipulation and exploitation can pose serious safety, security, and ethical risks. As new threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Charankumar Akiri , Harrison Simpson , Kshitiz Aryal , Aarav Khanna , Maanak Gupta

Ensuring the safety and alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is crucial for generating responses that are beneficial to humanity. While LLMs have the capability to identify and avoid harmful queries, they remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yihua Zhou , Xiaochuan Shi

Large language models (LLMs) are now ubiquitous in everyday tools, raising urgent safety concerns about their tendency to generate harmful content. The dominant safety approach -- reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sathwik Karnik , Somil Bansal

Large Language Models (LLMs) generating unsafe responses to toxic prompts is a significant issue in their applications. While various efforts aim to address this safety concern, previous approaches often demand substantial human data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Yuxiao Lu , Arunesh Sinha , Pradeep Varakantham

High-risk industries like nuclear and aviation use real-time monitoring to detect dangerous system conditions. Similarly, Large Language Models (LLMs) need monitoring safeguards. We propose a real-time framework to predict harmful AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Maheep Chaudhary , Fazl Barez

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to the security of large language models (LLMs), causing them to exhibit anomalous behavior under specific trigger conditions. The design of backdoor triggers has evolved from fixed triggers to dynamic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haotian Jin , Yang Li , Haihui Fan , Lin Shen , Xiangfang Li , Bo Li

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) has raised security concerns due to their susceptibility to producing harmful or policy-violating outputs when exposed to adversarial prompts. While alignment and guardrails mitigate common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Rishit Chugh

The recent emergence of multimodal large language models (LLMs) has introduced new opportunities for improving visual hazard recognition on construction sites. Unlike traditional computer vision models that rely on domain-specific training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Nishi Chaudhary , S M Jamil Uddin , Sathvik Sharath Chandra , Anto Ovid , Alex Albert

With the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), it has become a significant concern to ensure their safety and prevent harmful responses. While current safe-alignment methods based on instruction fine-tuning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xiaoyun Zhang , Zhengyue Zhao , Wenxuan Shi , Kaidi Xu , Di Huang , Xing Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) like Codex are powerful tools for performing code completion and code generation tasks as they are trained on billions of lines of code from publicly available sources. Moreover, these models are capable of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Catherine Tony , Markus Mutas , Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Riccardo Scandariato

While large language models (LLMs) are trained to align with human values, their generations may still violate safety constraints. A growing line of work addresses this problem by modifying the model's sampling policy at decoding time using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Bat-Sheva Einbinder , Hen Davidov , Yee Whye Teh , Yarin Gal , Yaniv Romano

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into high-stakes applications, making robust safety guarantees a central practical and commercial concern. Existing safety evaluations predominantly rely on fixed collections of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zafir Shamsi , Nikhil Chekuru , Zachary Guzman , Shivank Garg

Fine-tuning Large Language Models with untrusted data exposes models to backdoor attacks, where poisoned samples cause targeted misbehavior. Existing sample-filtering defenses rely on clustering, which requires sufficient data and can fail…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haodong Zhao , Tianyi Xu , Tianhang Zhao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

Security code review is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process typically requiring integration with automated security defect detection tools. However, existing security analysis tools struggle with poor generalization, high false…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiaxin Yu , Peng Liang , Yujia Fu , Amjed Tahir , Mojtaba Shahin , Chong Wang , Yangxiao Cai

As large language models (LLMs) permeate more and more applications, an assessment of their associated security risks becomes increasingly necessary. The potential for exploitation by malicious actors, ranging from disinformation to data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Erik Derner , Kristina Batistič , Jan Zahálka , Robert Babuška