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Imitation learning with diffusion models has advanced robotic control by capturing the multi-modal action distributions. However, existing methods typically treat observations only as high-level conditions to the denoising network, rather…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhaoyang Liu , Mokai Pan , Zhongyi Wang , Kaizhen Zhu , Haotao Lu , Haipeng Zhang , Jingya Wang , Ye Shi

Imitation Learning (IL) is an effective learning paradigm exploiting the interactions between agents and environments. It does not require explicit reward signals and instead tries to recover desired policies using expert demonstrations. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Yang Liu , Yongzhe Chang , Shilei Jiang , Xueqian Wang , Bin Liang , Bo Yuan

Model-based reinforcement learning promises strong sample efficiency but often underperforms in practice due to compounding model error, unimodal world models that average over multi-modal dynamics, and overconfident predictions that bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mehran Aghabozorgi , Alireza Moazeni , Yanshu Zhang , Ke Li

Visual imitation learning provides a framework for learning complex manipulation behaviors by leveraging human demonstrations. However, current interfaces for imitation such as kinesthetic teaching or teleoperation prohibitively restrict…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Sarah Young , Dhiraj Gandhi , Shubham Tulsiani , Abhinav Gupta , Pieter Abbeel , Lerrel Pinto

This article introduces an imitation learning method for learning maximum entropy policies that comply with constraints demonstrated by expert trajectories executing a task. The formulation of the method takes advantage of results…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 George Papadopoulos , George A. Vouros

Imitation learning uses data for training policies to solve complex tasks. However, when the training data is collected from human demonstrators, it often leads to multimodal distributions because of the variability in human actions. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Denis Blessing , Onur Celik , Xiaogang Jia , Moritz Reuss , Maximilian Xiling Li , Rudolf Lioutikov , Gerhard Neumann

Sample efficiency is critical in solving real-world reinforcement learning problems, where agent-environment interactions can be costly. Imitation learning from expert advice has proved to be an effective strategy for reducing the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Ching-An Cheng , Xinyan Yan , Evangelos A. Theodorou , Byron Boots

This paper introduces Diffusion Policy, a new way of generating robot behavior by representing a robot's visuomotor policy as a conditional denoising diffusion process. We benchmark Diffusion Policy across 12 different tasks from 4…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Cheng Chi , Zhenjia Xu , Siyuan Feng , Eric Cousineau , Yilun Du , Benjamin Burchfiel , Russ Tedrake , Shuran Song

While imitation learning provides a simple and effective framework for policy learning, acquiring consistent actions during robot execution remains a challenging task. Existing approaches primarily focus on either modifying the action…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Xiao Liu , Fabian Weigend , Yifan Zhou , Heni Ben Amor

Diffusion-based imitation learning improves Behavioral Cloning (BC) on multi-modal decision-making, but comes at the cost of significantly slower inference due to the recursion in the diffusion process. It urges us to design efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Xixi Hu , Bo Liu , Xingchao Liu , Qiang Liu

Imitation learning (IL) consists of a set of tools that leverage expert demonstrations to quickly learn policies. However, if the expert is suboptimal, IL can yield policies with inferior performance compared to reinforcement learning (RL).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Ching-An Cheng , Xinyan Yan , Nolan Wagener , Byron Boots

Visuomotor policies trained via behavior cloning are vulnerable to covariate shift, where small deviations from expert trajectories can compound into failure. Common strategies to mitigate this issue involve expanding the training…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Zhanyi Sun , Shuran Song

We present a visual imitation learning framework that enables learning of robot action policies solely based on expert samples without any robot trials. Robot exploration and on-policy trials in a real-world environment could often be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Alan Wu , AJ Piergiovanni , Michael S. Ryoo

This work demonstrates a front-flip on bicycle robots via reinforcement learning, particularly by imitating reference motions that are infeasible and imperfect. To address this, we propose Iterative Motion Imitation(IMI), a method that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jeonghwan Kim , Shamel Fahmi , Seungeun Rho , Sehoon Ha , Gabriel Nelson

Imitation learning is a powerful approach for learning autonomous driving policy by leveraging data from expert driver demonstrations. However, driving policies trained via imitation learning that neglect the causal structure of expert…

Offline imitation learning (IL) promises the ability to learn performant policies from pre-collected demonstrations without interactions with the environment. However, imitating behaviors fully offline typically requires numerous expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Lantao Yu , Tianhe Yu , Jiaming Song , Willie Neiswanger , Stefano Ermon

Many robotic systems, such as mobile manipulators or quadrotors, cannot be equipped with high-end GPUs due to space, weight, and power constraints. These constraints prevent these systems from leveraging recent developments in visuomotor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Aaditya Prasad , Kevin Lin , Jimmy Wu , Linqi Zhou , Jeannette Bohg

Imitation learning is a widely used approach for training agents to replicate expert behavior in complex decision-making tasks. However, existing methods often struggle with compounding errors and limited generalization, due to the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Haldun Balim , Yang Hu , Yuyang Zhang , Na Li

Imitation learning trains control policies by mimicking pre-recorded expert demonstrations. In partially observable settings, imitation policies must rely on observation histories, but many seemingly paradoxical results show better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Chuan Wen , Jierui Lin , Jianing Qian , Yang Gao , Dinesh Jayaraman

Flow Matching (FM) has shown remarkable ability in modeling complex distributions and achieves strong performance in offline imitation learning for cloning expert behaviors. However, despite its behavioral cloning expressiveness, FM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhenglin Wan , Jingxuan Wu , Xingrui Yu , Chubin Zhang , Mingcong Lei , Bo An , Ivor Tsang