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Related papers: Positional Encoding in Transformer-Based Time Seri…

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Normalization and scaling are fundamental preprocessing steps in time series modeling, yet their role in Transformer-based models remains underexplored from a theoretical perspective. In this work, we present the first formal analysis of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Sofiane Ennadir , Tianze Wang , Oleg Smirnov , Sahar Asadi , Lele Cao

Examining the effect of different encoding techniques on entity and context embeddings, the goal of this work is to challenge commonly used Ordinal encoding for tabular learning. Applying different preprocessing methods and network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Fredy Reusser

Time series analysis finds wide applications in fields such as weather forecasting, anomaly detection, and behavior recognition. Previous methods attempted to model temporal variations directly using 1D time series. However, this has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Qiang Wu , Gechang Yao , Zhixi Feng , Shuyuan Yang

Time position embeddings capture the positional information of time steps, often serving as auxiliary inputs to enhance the predictive capabilities of time series models. However, existing models exhibit limitations in capturing intricate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xiaobao Song , Hao Wang , Liwei Deng , Yuxin He , Wenming Cao , Chi-Sing Leungc

Deep learning-based algorithms, e.g., convolutional networks, have significantly facilitated multivariate time series classification (MTSC) task. Nevertheless, they suffer from the limitation in modeling long-range dependence due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Mingyue Cheng , Qi Liu , Zhiding Liu , Zhi Li , Yucong Luo , Enhong Chen

Time series are often complex and rich in information but sparsely labeled and therefore challenging to model. In this paper, we propose a self-supervised framework for learning generalizable representations for non-stationary time series.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sana Tonekaboni , Danny Eytan , Anna Goldenberg

Positional encoding has become a standard component in graph learning, especially for graph Transformers and other models that must distinguish structurally similar nodes, yet its fundamental identifiability remains poorly understood. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zimo Yan , Zheng Xie , Chang Liu , Yiqin Lv , Runfan Duan

Deep learning methods are powerful tools in classifying multivariate time series data. Despite their high performance, these methods are hard to interpret, which diminishes their applications in high-risk domains such as healthcare. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bhavesh Kalisetti , Vincent Wang , Gaurav R. Ghosal , Maryam Bijanzadeh , Reza Abbasi-Asl

Time series forecasting is a crucial challenge with significant applications in areas such as weather prediction, stock market analysis, and scientific simulations. This paper introduces an embedded decomposed transformer, 'EDformer', for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Sanjay Chakraborty , Ibrahim Delibasoglu , Fredrik Heintz

Irregularly-sampled time series occur in many domains including healthcare. They can be challenging to model because they do not naturally yield a fixed-dimensional representation as required by many standard machine learning models. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Steven Cheng-Xian Li , Benjamin M. Marlin

Transformers for time series forecasting mainly model time series from limited or fixed scales, making it challenging to capture different characteristics spanning various scales. We propose Pathformer, a multi-scale Transformer with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Peng Chen , Yingying Zhang , Yunyao Cheng , Yang Shu , Yihang Wang , Qingsong Wen , Bin Yang , Chenjuan Guo

This study introduces a novel approach to terrain feature classification by incorporating spatial point pattern statistics into deep learning models. Inspired by the concept of location encoding, which aims to capture location…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Sizhe Wang , Wenwen Li

As we show in this paper, the prediction for output token $n+1$ of Transformer architectures without one of the mechanisms of positional encodings and causal attention is invariant to permutations of input tokens $1, 2, ..., n-1$. Usually,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Chunsheng Zuo , Michael Guerzhoy

Positional encoding is essential for supplementing transformer with positional information of tokens. Existing positional encoding methods demand predefined token/feature order, rendering them unsuitable for real-world data with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Kaichen Xu , Yihang Du , Mianpeng Liu , Zimu Yu , Xiaobo Sun

Transformers are increasingly prevalent for multi-view computer vision tasks, where geometric relationships between viewpoints are critical for 3D perception. To leverage these relationships, multi-view transformers must use camera geometry…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Ruilong Li , Brent Yi , Junchen Liu , Hang Gao , Yi Ma , Angjoo Kanazawa

Autoregressive transformers exhibit adaptive learning through in-context learning (ICL), which begs the question of how. Prior works have shown that transformers represent the ICL tasks as vectors in their representations. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Seungwook Han , Jinyeop Song , Jeff Gore , Pulkit Agrawal

In this study, we provide constructive proof that Transformers can recognize and generate hierarchical language efficiently with respect to model size, even without the need for a specific positional encoding. Specifically, we show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Daichi Hayakawa , Issei Sato

Deep tabular models have demonstrated remarkable success on i.i.d. data, excelling in a variety of structured data tasks. However, their performance often deteriorates under temporal distribution shifts, where trends and periodic patterns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Hao-Run Cai , Han-Jia Ye

Looped Transformers provide advantages in parameter efficiency, computational capabilities, and generalization for reasoning tasks. However, their expressive power regarding function approximation remains underexplored. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Kevin Xu , Issei Sato

While anomaly detection in time series has been an active area of research for several years, most recent approaches employ an inadequate evaluation criterion leading to an inflated F1 score. We show that a rudimentary Random Guess method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Keval Doshi , Shatha Abudalou , Yasin Yilmaz