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Probabilistic forecasting of high dimensional multivariate time series is a notoriously challenging task, both in terms of computational burden and distribution modeling. Most previous work either makes simple distribution assumptions or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Nam Nguyen , Brian Quanz

Transformer-based models have become state-of-the-art tools in various machine learning tasks, including time series classification, yet their complexity makes understanding their internal decision-making challenging. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Matīss Kalnāre , Sofoklis Kitharidis , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein

We conducted empirical experiments to assess the transferability of a light curve transformer to datasets with different cadences and magnitude distributions using various positional encodings (PEs). We proposed a new approach to…

We introduce a novel positional encoding strategy for Transformer-style models, addressing the shortcomings of existing, often ad hoc, approaches. Our framework provides a flexible mapping from the algebraic specification of a domain to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Konstantinos Kogkalidis , Jean-Philippe Bernardy , Vikas Garg

Effectively modeling time information and incorporating it into applications or models involving chronologically occurring events is crucial. Real-world scenarios often involve diverse and complex time patterns, which pose significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Xi Chen , Yateng Tang , Jiarong Xu , Jiawei Zhang , Siwei Zhang , Sijia Peng , Xuehao Zheng , Yun Xiong

Transformer-based foundation models have emerged as a dominant paradigm in time series analysis, offering unprecedented capabilities in tasks such as forecasting, anomaly detection, classification, trend analysis and many more time series…

Time series forecasting is crucial for many fields, such as disaster warning, weather prediction, and energy consumption. The Transformer-based models are considered to have revolutionized the field of sequence modeling. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Junlong Tong , Liping Xie , Wankou Yang , Kanjian Zhang

Transformer architecture has widespread applications, particularly in Natural Language Processing and computer vision. Recently Transformers have been employed in various aspects of time-series analysis. This tutorial provides an overview…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Sabeen Ahmed , Ian E. Nielsen , Aakash Tripathi , Shamoon Siddiqui , Ghulam Rasool , Ravi P. Ramachandran

Existing time series tokenization methods predominantly encode a constant number of samples into individual tokens. This inflexible approach can generate excessive tokens for even simple patterns like extended constant values, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Leon Götz , Marcel Kollovieh , Stephan Günnemann , Leo Schwinn

Transformer-based models have shown strong performance in time-series forecasting by leveraging self-attention to model long-range temporal dependencies. However, their effectiveness depends critically on the quality and structure of input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Saurish Nagrath , Saroj Kumar Panigrahy

Transformers require positional encodings to represent sequence order, yet most prior work focuses on designing new positional encodings rather than examining how positional information is fused with token embeddings. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Mohamed Amine Hallam , Kuo-Kun Tseng

In recent years, pre-trained Transformers have dominated the majority of NLP benchmark tasks. Many variants of pre-trained Transformers have kept breaking out, and most focus on designing different pre-training objectives or variants of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Yu-An Wang , Yun-Nung Chen

Transformer network architecture has proven effective in speech enhancement. However, as its core module, self-attention suffers from quadratic complexity, making it infeasible for training on long speech utterances. In practical scenarios,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-10 Qiquan Zhang , Hongxu Zhu , Xinyuan Qian , Eliathamby Ambikairajah , Haizhou Li

Encoding a sequence of observations is an essential task with many applications. The encoding can become highly efficient when the observations are generated by a dynamical system. A dynamical system imposes regularities on the observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-29 Arash Mehrjou , Friedrich Solowjow , Sebastian Trimpe , Bernhard Schölkopf

A recent variation of Transformer, Performer, scales Transformer to longer sequences with a linear attention mechanism. However, it is not compatible with relative position encoding, which has advantages over absolute position encoding. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Peng Chen

A major challenge for transformers is generalizing to sequences longer than those observed during training. While previous works have empirically shown that transformers can either succeed or fail at length generalization depending on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xinting Huang , Andy Yang , Satwik Bhattamishra , Yash Sarrof , Andreas Krebs , Hattie Zhou , Preetum Nakkiran , Michael Hahn

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus challenges AI systems to perform abstract reasoning with minimal training data, a task intuitive for humans but demanding for machine learning models. Using CodeT5+ as a case study, we demonstrate how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Guilherme H. Bandeira Costa , Miguel Freire , Arlindo L. Oliveira

Positional encodings are employed to capture the high frequency information of the encoded signals in implicit neural representation (INR). In this paper, we propose a novel positional encoding method which improves the reconstruction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Bharath Bhushan Damodaran , Francois Schnitzler , Anne Lambert , Pierre Hellier

Transformers are increasingly employed for graph data, demonstrating competitive performance in diverse tasks. To incorporate graph information into these models, it is essential to enhance node and edge features with positional encodings.…

Since its introduction, the transformer has shifted the development trajectory away from traditional models (e.g., RNN, MLP) in time series forecasting, which is attributed to its ability to capture global dependencies within temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xiwen Chen , Peijie Qiu , Wenhui Zhu , Huayu Li , Hao Wang , Aristeidis Sotiras , Yalin Wang , Abolfazl Razi