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Accurate long-term traffic forecasting remains a critical challenge in intelligent transportation systems, particularly when predicting high-frequency traffic phenomena such as shock waves and congestion boundaries over extended rollout…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Owais Ahmad , Milad Ramezankhani , Anirudh Deodhar

Learning to sample from intractable distributions over discrete sets without relying on corresponding training data is a central problem in a wide range of fields, including Combinatorial Optimization. Currently, popular deep learning-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sebastian Sanokowski , Sepp Hochreiter , Sebastian Lehner

Planning with pretrained diffusion models has emerged as a promising approach for solving test-time guided control problems. Standard gradient guidance typically performs optimally under convex, differentiable reward landscapes. However, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hyeonseong Jeon , Cheolhong Min , Jaesik Park

A general framework of unsupervised learning for combinatorial optimization (CO) is to train a neural network (NN) whose output gives a problem solution by directly optimizing the CO objective. Albeit with some advantages over traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Haoyu Wang , Pan Li

Diffusion models have shown promising generative capabilities across diverse domains, yet aligning their outputs with desired reward functions remains a challenge, particularly in cases where reward functions are non-differentiable. Some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xiner Li , Masatoshi Uehara , Xingyu Su , Gabriele Scalia , Tommaso Biancalani , Aviv Regev , Sergey Levine , Shuiwang Ji

Diffusion-based models are recognized for their effectiveness in using real-world driving data to generate realistic and diverse traffic scenarios. These models employ guided sampling to incorporate specific traffic preferences and enhance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Seungjun Yu , Kisung Kim , Daejung Kim , Haewook Han , Jinhan Lee

We present a novel simulation-free framework for training continuous-time diffusion processes over very general objective functions. Existing methods typically involve either prescribing the optimal diffusion process -- which only works for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Mengjian Hua , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Ricky T. Q. Chen

With the development of Artificial Intelligence, numerous real-world tasks have been accomplished using technology integrated with deep learning. To achieve optimal performance, deep neural networks typically require large volumes of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yuren Zhang , Zhongnan Pu , Lei Jing

Inference-time alignment provides an efficient alternative for aligning LLMs with humans. However, these approaches still face challenges, such as limited scalability due to policy-specific value functions and latency during the inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ruizhe Chen , Wenhao Chai , Zhifei Yang , Xiaotian Zhang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Tony Quek , Soujanya Poria , Zuozhu Liu

We introduce a diffusion-based cross-domain image translator in the absence of paired training data. Unlike GAN-based methods, our approach integrates diffusion models to learn the image translation process, allowing for more coverable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shilong Zou , Yuhang Huang , Renjiao Yi , Chenyang Zhu , Kai Xu

Recently, diffusion models have gained popularity and attention in trajectory optimization due to their capability of modeling multi-modal probability distributions. However, addressing nonlinear equality constraints, i.e, dynamic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jushan Chen , Santiago Paternain

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in imaging inverse problems owing to their powerful generative capabilities. However, existing approaches typically rely on models trained for specific degradation types, limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zhen Wang , Hongyi Liu , Zhihui Wei

Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems arise across a broad spectrum of domains, including medicine, logistics, and manufacturing. While exact solutions are often computationally infeasible, many practical applications require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Arman Mielke , Uwe Bauknecht , Thilo Strauss , Mathias Niepert

Relevant combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are often NP-hard. While they have been tackled mainly via handcrafted heuristics in the past, advances in neural networks have motivated the development of general methods to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Tim Dernedde , Daniela Thyssens , Sören Dittrich , Maximilian Stubbemann , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

We propose an adaptive diffusion mechanism to optimize a global cost function in a distributed manner over a network of nodes. The cost function is assumed to consist of a collection of individual components. Diffusion adaptation allows the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-03 Jianshu Chen , Ali H. Sayed

Diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across multiple domains, with recent advancements extending their applicability to discrete data. However, aligning discrete diffusion models with task-specific preferences remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Umberto Borso , Davide Paglieri , Jude Wells , Tim Rocktäschel

Diffusion language models, as a promising alternative to traditional autoregressive (AR) models, enable faster generation and richer conditioning on bidirectional context. However, they suffer from a key discrepancy between training and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Haoyu He , Katrin Renz , Yong Cao , Andreas Geiger

Diffusion models has underpinned much recent advances of dataset augmentation in various computer vision tasks. However, when involving generating multi-object images as real scenarios, most existing methods either rely entirely on text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Haoyu Wang , Lei Zhang , Wei Wei , Chen Ding , Yanning Zhang

This paper proposes a physics-informed neural operator (PINO) framework for solving inverse scattering problems, enabling rapid and accurate reconstructions under diverse measurement conditions. In the proposed approach, the dielectric…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Q. C. Dong , Zi-Xuan Su , Qing Huo Liu , Wen Chen , Zhizhang , Chen

Diffusion models are state-of-the-art generative models, yet their samples often fail to satisfy application objectives such as safety constraints or domain-specific validity. Existing techniques for alignment require gradients, internal…