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Generating realistic and diverse road scenarios is essential for autonomous vehicle testing and validation. Nevertheless, owing to the complexity and variability of real-world road environments, creating authentic and varied scenarios for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Junjie Zhou , Lin Wang , Qiang Meng , Xiaofan Wang

Trajectory prediction and planning are essential for autonomous vehicles to navigate safely and efficiently in dynamic environments. Traditional approaches often treat them separately, limiting the ability for interactive planning. While…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Anjian Li , Sangjae Bae , David Isele , Ryne Beeson , Faizan M. Tariq

Accurately predicting 3D occupancy grids from visual inputs is critical for autonomous driving, but current discriminative methods struggle with noisy data, incomplete observations, and the complex structures inherent in 3D scenes. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yunshen Wang , Yicheng Liu , Tianyuan Yuan , Yingshi Liang , Xiuyu Yang , Honggang Zhang , Hang Zhao

Optimal trajectory design is computationally expensive for nonlinear and high-dimensional dynamical systems. The challenge arises from the non-convex nature of the optimization problem with multiple local optima, which usually requires a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Anjian Li , Zihan Ding , Adji Bousso Dieng , Ryne Beeson

We propose Diffusion-Sharpening, a fine-tuning approach that enhances downstream alignment by optimizing sampling trajectories. Existing RL-based fine-tuning methods focus on single training timesteps and neglect trajectory-level alignment,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ye Tian , Ling Yang , Xinchen Zhang , Yunhai Tong , Mengdi Wang , Bin Cui

Controllable and realistic traffic simulation is critical for developing and verifying autonomous vehicles. Typical heuristic-based traffic models offer flexible control to make vehicles follow specific trajectories and traffic rules. On…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Ziyuan Zhong , Davis Rempe , Danfei Xu , Yuxiao Chen , Sushant Veer , Tong Che , Baishakhi Ray , Marco Pavone

Post-training of language models, either through reinforcement learning, preference optimization or supervised finetuning, tends to sharpen the output probability distribution and reduce the diversity of generated responses. This is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jack Lanchantin , Angelica Chen , Shehzaad Dhuliawala , Ping Yu , Jason Weston , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Ilia Kulikov

Learning priors on trajectory distributions can help accelerate robot motion planning optimization. Given previously successful plans, learning trajectory generative models as priors for a new planning problem is highly desirable. Prior…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Joao Carvalho , An T. Le , Mark Baierl , Dorothea Koert , Jan Peters

Decision-focused learning (DFL) integrates predictive modeling and optimization by training predictors to optimize the downstream decision target rather than merely minimizing prediction error. To date, existing DFL methods typically rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zihao Zhao , Christopher Yeh , Lingkai Kong , Kai Wang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and its variants have become the de facto standards for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences or specific goals. However, DPO requires high-quality preference data and suffers from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zhuotong Chen , Fang Liu , Jennifer Zhu , Wanyu Du , Yanjun Qi

Reinforcement learning fine-tuning has proven effective for steering generative diffusion models toward desired properties in image and molecular domains. Graph diffusion models have similarly been applied to combinatorial structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Aleksei Liuliakov , Luca Hermes , Barbara Hammer

Preferences within a group of people are not uniform but follow a distribution. While existing alignment methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) attempt to steer models to reflect human preferences, they struggle to capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Binwei Yao , Zefan Cai , Yun-Shiuan Chuang , Shanglin Yang , Ming Jiang , Diyi Yang , Junjie Hu

The diffusion model has shown success in generating high-quality and diverse solutions to trajectory optimization problems. However, diffusion models with neural networks inevitably make prediction errors, which leads to constraint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Anjian Li , Zihan Ding , Adji Bousso Dieng , Ryne Beeson

Robots in the real world need to perceive and move to goals in complex environments without collisions. Avoiding collisions is especially difficult when relying on sensor perception and when goals are among clutter. Diffusion policies and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Mohit Sharma , Adam Fishman , Vikash Kumar , Chris Paxton , Oliver Kroemer

Safety-critical traffic simulation plays a crucial role in evaluating autonomous driving systems under rare and challenging scenarios. However, existing approaches often generate unrealistic scenarios due to insufficient consideration of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Mingxing Peng , Ruoyu Yao , Xusen Guo , Yuting Xie , Xianda Chen , Jun Ma

Training deep learning methods on small time series datasets that also include corrupted samples is challenging. Diffusion models have shown to be effective to generate realistic and synthetic data, and correct corrupted samples through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Julian Ripper , Ousama Esbel , Rafael Fietzek , Max Mühlhäuser , Thomas Kreutz

Recent studies have shown the great potential of diffusion models in improving reinforcement learning (RL) by modeling complex policies, expressing a high degree of multi-modality, and efficiently handling high-dimensional continuous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Huiyun Jiang , Zhuang Yang

Generative multimodal content is increasingly prevalent in much of the content creation arena, as it has the potential to allow artists and media personnel to create pre-production mockups by quickly bringing their ideas to life. The…

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a powerful paradigm for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to human preferences in Machine Translation (MT), but current methods are hindered by two fundamental challenges: (1) flawed reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Hao Wang , Linlong Xu , Heng Liu , Yangyang Liu , Xiaohu Zhao , Bo Zeng , Liangying Shao , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

The behavior decision-making subsystem is a key component of the autonomous driving system, which reflects the decision-making ability of the vehicle and the driver, and is an important symbol of the high-level intelligence of the vehicle.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zixiang Wang , Hao Yan , Changsong Wei , Junyu Wang , Minheng Xiao